{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:53:42Z","timestamp":1782838422404,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007914","name":"Brunel University London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Resources, Conservation and Recycling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T08:38:56Z","timestamp":1730363936000},"page":"107962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The potential of Deposit Refund Systems in closing the plastic beverage bottle loop: A review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"212","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3184-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Picuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyridoula","family":"Gerassimidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimu","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olwenn","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6841-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Iacovidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137744","article-title":"Environmental impact assessment of the implementation of a Deposit-Refund System for packaging waste in Spain: a solution or an additional problem?","volume":"721","author":"Abej\u00f3n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.1993.tb00743.x","article-title":"Cost of recycling municipal solid waste with and without a concurrent beverage container deposit law","volume":"27","author":"Alter","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Consum Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.113460","article-title":"Evaluating Canada's single-use plastic mitigation policies via brand audit and beach cleanup data to reduce plastic pollution","volume":"176","author":"Baxter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-3449(93)90026-C","article-title":"Packaging waste and the environment: economics and policy","volume":"8","author":"Brisson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0005","article-title":"Implementation of new concepts in waste management in tourist metropolitan areas","volume":"471","author":"Burlakovs","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3390\/recycling7050064","article-title":"The Current State, Challenges, and Opportunities of Recycling Plastics in Western Australia","volume":"7","author":"C\u00e1ceres Ruiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Recycling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0007","unstructured":"CADIMA, 2023. CADIMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125600","article-title":"Operating modes and cost burdens for the European deposit-refund systems: a systematic approach for their analysis and design","volume":"288","author":"Calabrese","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0009","series-title":"A Coalition Against the Introduction of a Deposit Return System in Austria","article-title":"Plastic Pollution Lobby","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.1996.0074","article-title":"The attitudinal differences in source separation and waste reduction between the general public and the housewives in Hong Kong","volume":"48","author":"Chung","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2190\/7P3V-FXDW-705D-NMHP","article-title":"An analysis of the potential effect of beverage container deposit legislation on municipal recycling programs","volume":"14","author":"Clapham","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Environ. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.22616\/j.landarchart.2019.14.10","article-title":"The Baltic countries towards the goals of waste framework directive","volume":"14","author":"Cude\u010dka-Puri\u0146a","year":"2019","journal-title":"LAA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2013.10.035","article-title":"Packaging waste recycling in Europe: is the industry paying for it?","volume":"34","author":"Da Cruz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Waste Manage. (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0014","unstructured":"EFSA, 2012. PET recycling processes for food contact materials: EFSA adopts first opinions."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.02.025","article-title":"From source to sink: a comparative study of streamside and beach litter in the Black Sea","volume":"161","author":"Er\u00fcz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Waste Manage. (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0016","unstructured":"EUNOMIA, 2022. PET Market in Europe. State of play 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0017","unstructured":"European Commission, 2022. Proposal for a regulation of the european parliament and of the council on packaging and packaging waste, amending Regulation (EU) 2019\/1020 and Directive (EU) 2019\/904, and repealing Directive 94\/62\/EC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0018","unstructured":"European Commission, 2019. DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019\/904 of the european parliament and of the council of 5 june 2019 on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0019","unstructured":"European Commission - Joint Research Centre, 2018. Best Environmental Management Practice for the waste management sector - Best use of incentives by producer responsibility schemes (PROs)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0020","unstructured":"Eurostat, 2022. Price level index for final household expenditure (HFCE)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib56","article-title":"COUNCIL DECISION 2020\/2053 of 14 December 2020 on the system of own resources of the European Union and repealing Decision 2014\/335\/EU","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euratom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-3658(83)90011-5","article-title":"Resource conservation through beverage container recycling","volume":"6","author":"Gaines","year":"1983","journal-title":"Conservation & Recycling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2021.11.005","article-title":"Unpacking the complexity of the UK plastic packaging value chain: a stakeholder perspective","volume":"30","author":"Gerassimidou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainable Production and Consumption"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0023","unstructured":"Infinitum (Norsk Resirk), 2010. \u00c5rsmelding 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2022.106279","article-title":"Why pledges alone will not get plastics recycled: comparing recyclate production and anticipated demand","volume":"181","author":"Kahlert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.17512\/pjms.2022.26.2.14","article-title":"Closing the loop - packaging waste management and the deposit system in poland","volume":"26","author":"Krzywda","year":"2022","journal-title":"PJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-012-0495-7","article-title":"PET bottle reverse logistics\u2014Environmental performance of California's CRV program","volume":"18","author":"Kuczenski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0027","unstructured":"Laubinger, F., Brown, A., Dubois, M., B\u00f6rkey, P., 2022. Deposit-refund systems and the interplay with additional mandatory extended producer responsibility policies."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/recycling7050073","article-title":"Potential Analysis of the Plastics Value Chain for Enhanced Recycling Rates: a Case Study in Iceland","volume":"7","author":"Mager","year":"2022","journal-title":"Recycling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7544","DOI":"10.3390\/su14137544","article-title":"Economic\u2013environmental performance of reverse logistics of disposable beverage packaging","volume":"14","author":"Malindzakova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-021-00720-8","article-title":"An inshore\u2013offshore sorting system revealed from global classification of ocean litter","volume":"4","author":"Morales-Caselles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Sustain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2016.05.003","article-title":"Policy mix in deposit-refund systems \u2013 From schemes in Finland and Norway","volume":"52","author":"Numata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Waste Manage. (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0032","unstructured":"OECD, 2022. Purchasing power parities (PPP)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2014.08.005","article-title":"Economic instruments and marine litter control","volume":"102","author":"Oosterhuis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ocean Coastal Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12266","article-title":"Gray literature: an important resource in systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Paez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Evidence Based Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0034","unstructured":"Patrick ten Brink, Jean-Pierre Schweitzer, Emma Watkins, Maeve Howe, 2016. Plastics Marine Litter and the Circular Economy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0035","unstructured":"Plastics Europe, E., 2022. Plastics - the facts 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0036","unstructured":"Raal, R., 2019. Deposit system ABC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0037","unstructured":"Reloop, 2021. Historical Return Rates for Deposit Systems for One-Way Beverage Containers Data Sources by Jurisdiction."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0038","series-title":"Global Deposit Book 2020: an Overview of Deposit Systems For One-Way Beverage Containers","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2014.08.010","article-title":"How effective are current household recycling policies? Results from a national survey of U.S. households","volume":"92","author":"Saphores","year":"2014","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13044\/j.sdewes.d9.0386","article-title":"Economic Viability of the Deposit Refund System for Beverage Packaging Waste \u2013 Identification of Economic Drivers and System Modelling","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Dev. Energy water Environ. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0041","article-title":"Plastics in the context of the circular economy and sustainable plastics recycling: comprehensive review on research development, standardization and market","volume":"6","author":"Shamsuyeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Composites Part C: Open Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.06.008","article-title":"Life cycle impact assessment of beverage packaging systems: focus on the collection of post-consumer bottles","volume":"112","author":"Simon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X16686413","article-title":"Qualitative comparison of polyethylene terephthalate flakes from various collection systems in Germany","volume":"35","author":"Snell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Waste Manag Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0044","unstructured":"Spasova, B., 2019. Deposit-refund systems in Europe: for one-way beverage packaging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0045","unstructured":"The Association of Plastic Recyclers, 2020. Virgin vs. Recycled Plastic Life Cycle Assessment Energy Profile and Life Cycle Assessment Environmental Burdens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0046","unstructured":"TOMRA, 2021. Rewarding Recycling. Learnings from the World's Highest Performing Deposit Return Systems."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c05497","article-title":"Technical, economic, and environmental comparison of closed-loop recycling technologies for common plastics","volume":"11","author":"Uekert","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0048","unstructured":"United Nations, 1997. Glossary of Environment Statistics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2019.102132","article-title":"The \u2018plastic waste era\u2019; social perceptions towards single-use plastic consumption and impacts on the marine environment in Durban, South Africa","volume":"114","author":"Van Rensburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walls, M., 2011. Deposit-Refund Systems in Practice and Theory.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1980142"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2020.105014","article-title":"Performance simulation and policy optimization of waste polyethylene terephthalate bottle recycling system in China","volume":"162","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-3441.12305","article-title":"An In Medias Res Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis of ACT Container Deposit Scheme","volume":"40","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Econ Pap"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119660","article-title":"A systematic review of the deposit-refund system for beverage packaging: operating mode, key parameter and development trend","volume":"251","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.10.018","article-title":"Comprehensive environmental performance of bottle-to-bottle recycling of PET bottles based on deposit-refund system in China","volume":"172","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Waste Manage. (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962_bib0055","unstructured":"\u017dmak, I., Hartmann, C., 2017. Current state of the plastic waste recycling system in the european union and in germany."}],"container-title":["Resources, Conservation and Recycling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921344924005536?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921344924005536?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T03:57:42Z","timestamp":1764820662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0921344924005536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0921344924005536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-3449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-3449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The potential of Deposit Refund Systems in closing the plastic beverage bottle loop: A review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107962","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107962"}}