{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:56:28Z","timestamp":1792252588151,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009098","name":"Japanese Respiratory Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T13:16:47Z","timestamp":1751548607000},"page":"811-828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The JRS guideline for the management of pneumonia in adults 2024"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1429-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Mukae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0680-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Iwanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Horita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosaku","family":"Komiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaya","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0207-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Shindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2955-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Yatera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Yanagihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Shime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8352-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Senda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futoshi","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Tsukada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3730-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health LaW. <Summary of vital statistics (fixed number) in 2022.2022.pdf>."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01464-23","article-title":"Precision-cut lung slices as an ex vivo model to study Pneumocystis murina survival and antimicrobial susceptibility","volume":"15","author":"Munyonho","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050743","article-title":"Multiparametric profiling of neutrophil function via a high-throughput flow cytometry-based assay","volume":"12","author":"Timmer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib4","unstructured":"Guideline published as a book in Japanese (https:\/\/www.jrs.or.jp\/publication\/jrs_guidelines\/20240319125656.html) [by The Japanese Respiratory Society]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1714562","article-title":"Aspiration pneumonia","volume":"380","author":"Mandell","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50268.x","article-title":"Profiles of older medicare decedents","volume":"50","author":"Lunney","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.07.012","article-title":"Risk factors for aspiration in community-acquired pneumonia: analysis of a hospitalized UK cohort","volume":"126","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2020.05.003","article-title":"Discrepancies in preferences regarding the care of terminal-phase pneumonia in elderly patients among patients, families, and doctors: a multicenter questionnaire survey in nagasaki, Japan","volume":"58","author":"Takazono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib9","unstructured":"Ministry of Health LaW. <Guidelines for the Decision-Making Process for Health and Care in the Last Phase of Life. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/newpage_02783.html.pdf>."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14005","article-title":"The revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria (revised J-CHS criteria)","volume":"20","author":"Satake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib11","unstructured":"editors GMR. Clinical Frailty Scale [monograph on the Internet] Halifax: Geriatric Medicine Research, Dalhousie University\/Nova Scotia Health Authority. [https:\/\/www.dal.ca\/sites\/gmr\/our-tools\/clinical-frailty-scale.html]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38097","article-title":"Prognostic implications of aspiration pneumonia in patients with community acquired pneumonia: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Komiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.02.045","article-title":"Utility of the blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio as a prognostic factor of mortality in aspiration pneumonia patients","volume":"43","author":"Ryu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.181","article-title":"Survival and comfort after treatment of pneumonia in advanced dementia","volume":"170","author":"Givens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib15","unstructured":"The Japan Geriatrics Society. <ACP_proposal.https:\/\/www.jpn-geriat-soc.or.jp\/proposal\/acp.html>."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00137-13","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of a urine-based pneumococcal antigen test for diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"51","author":"Sinclair","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00308-08","article-title":"Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic ODK0501 assay for detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in sputum samples from patients with lower respiratory tract infection","volume":"16","author":"Izumikawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2021.11.011","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of urinary antigen tests for legionellosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.03.002","article-title":"Performance of six influenza rapid tests in detecting human influenza in clinical specimens","volume":"39","author":"Hurt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2016.02.005","article-title":"Rapid diagnostic method for the identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infection","volume":"22","author":"Miyashita","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib21","first-page":"CD013705","article-title":"Rapid, point-of-care antigen tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"7","author":"Dinnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib22","series-title":"Guideline for the laboratory for pathogenicity of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19)","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.11.003","article-title":"Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic ODK0501 assay for detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens in the sputum of pneumonia patients with positive S. pneumoniae urinary antigens","volume":"21","author":"Mukae","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-022-00512-8","article-title":"BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel enhances detection of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in lower respiratory tract specimens","volume":"21","author":"Kosai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2015.03.003","article-title":"Antibody responses of Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia: why is the diagnosis of C. pneumoniae pneumonia difficult?","volume":"21","author":"Miyashita","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib26","first-page":"130","article-title":"The pathology of community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"9","author":"Barnes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib27","article-title":"Aetiological agents of adult community-acquired pneumonia in Japan: systematic review and meta-analysis of published data","volume":"10","author":"Fujikura","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.06.014","article-title":"Comparative study of bacterial flora in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of pneumonia patients based on their pneumonia subtypes and comorbidities using 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis","author":"Nemoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093188","article-title":"2023 update on sepsis and septic shock in adult patients: management in the emergency department","volume":"12","author":"Guarino","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2019.03.009","article-title":"Validation of a diagnostic score model for the prediction of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia","volume":"25","author":"Miyashita","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1086\/340618","article-title":"Empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with fluoroquinolones, and delays in the treatment of tuberculosis","volume":"34","author":"Dooley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib32","first-page":"392","article-title":"Impact of empiric antibiotics and chest radiograph on delays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Golub","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib33","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Impact of fluoroquinolones on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis initially treated as bacterial pneumonia","volume":"9","author":"Yoon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.056887","article-title":"Empirical treatment with a fluoroquinolone delays the treatment for tuberculosis and is associated with a poor prognosis in endemic areas","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0046","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone exposure prior to tuberculosis diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of death","volume":"16","author":"van der Heijden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1086\/379328","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone resistance in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis","volume":"37","author":"Ginsburg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0146OC","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the effect of duration and timing of fluoroquinolone exposure","volume":"180","author":"Devasia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1086\/598196","article-title":"Empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and the development of fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"48","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0618-5","article-title":"Early switch therapy from intravenous sulbactam\/ampicillin to oral garenoxacin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a multicenter, randomized study in Japan","volume":"19","author":"Kohno","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.20.2449","article-title":"Early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics and early hospital discharge: a prospective observational study of 200 consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"159","author":"Ramirez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.at1010","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention","volume":"163","author":"Niederman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.017756","article-title":"Risk factors of treatment failure in community acquired pneumonia: implications for disease outcome","volume":"59","author":"Menendez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.5.502","article-title":"Causes and factors associated with early failure in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"164","author":"Roson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.1.9907023","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment failures in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: causes and prognostic implications","volume":"162","author":"Arancibia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9806048","article-title":"Initial microbiologic studies did not affect outcome in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"160","author":"Sanyal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2018.07.005","article-title":"Influenza and viral pneumonia","volume":"39","author":"Cavallazzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61459-6","article-title":"Viral pneumonia","volume":"377","author":"Ruuskanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0076-2015","article-title":"Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Burk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-005-0425-8","article-title":"Prospective multicenter study of the causative organisms of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Japan","volume":"12","author":"Saito","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv323","article-title":"Respiratory viral detection in children and adults: comparing asymptomatic controls and patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"213","author":"Self","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500245","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. Adults","volume":"373","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1214","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular testing for respiratory pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"62","author":"Gadsby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050801","article-title":"Comparison of pneumonia severity indices, qCSI, 4C-mortality score and qSOFA in predicting mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Kibar Akilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Personalized Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.12.007","article-title":"Assessment of the pneumonia severity score in community-acquired and nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia due to COVID-19","volume":"29","author":"Miyashita","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02113-2020","article-title":"Comparison of severity scores for COVID-19 patients with pneumonia: a retrospective study","volume":"56","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib56","article-title":"Pneumonia severity indices predict prognosis in coronavirus disease-2019","volume":"79","author":"Ucan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.06.007","article-title":"Changes in diagnostic usefulness of the JRS scoring system in COVID-19 pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","volume":"28","author":"Miyashita","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.02.005","article-title":"Early identification of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia using clinical and radiographic findings","volume":"28","author":"Miyashita","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040964","article-title":"Clinical differences between community-acquired mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"11","author":"Miyashita","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14173","article-title":"Clinical differentiation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia using the Japanese guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Miyashita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.06.012","article-title":"Usefulness of the Legionella Score for differentiating from COVID-19 pneumonia to legionella pneumonia","volume":"28","author":"Miyashita","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170048","article-title":"Radiographic and CT features of viral pneumonia","volume":"38","author":"Koo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"171","author":"Society","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.01.023","article-title":"Health care-associated pneumonia: an evidence-based review","volume":"124","author":"Attridge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.13.1393","article-title":"Health care-associated pneumonia requiring hospital admission: epidemiology, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcomes","volume":"167","author":"Carratala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit571","article-title":"A new strategy for healthcare-associated pneumonia: a 2-year prospective multicenter- cohort study using risk factors for multidrug-resistant pathogens to select initial empiric therapy","volume":"57","author":"Maruyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1357","article-title":"Health-care-associated pneumonia among hospitalized patients in a Japanese community hospital","volume":"135","author":"Shindo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1204","article-title":"Health-care-associated pneumonia is primarily due to aspiration pneumonia","volume":"136","author":"Teramoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit571","article-title":"A new strategy for healthcare-associated pneumonia: a 2-year prospective multicenter cohort study using risk factors for multidrug-resistant pathogens to select initial empiric therapy","volume":"57","author":"Maruyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.03.027","article-title":"A prospective comparison of nursing home-acquired pneumonia with hospital-acquired pneumonia in non-intubated elderly","volume":"102","author":"Maruyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-011-0228-z","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological evaluation of hemodialysis-associated pneumonia (HDAP): should HDAP be included in healthcare-associated pneumonia?","volume":"17","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.01983.x","article-title":"Clinical features of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) in a Japanese community hospital: comparisons among nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP), HCAP other than NHAP, and community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Umeki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.58.67","article-title":"Difference of health-care associated pneumonia between large hospitals and small hospitals in Japan","volume":"58","author":"Watanabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.7987","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia: a Japanese variant of healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"51","author":"Ishida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-011-0344-9","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of healthcare-associated pneumonia in a public hospital in a metropolitan area of Japan","volume":"18","author":"Sugisaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0557-1","article-title":"A prospective comparison of nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia (NHCAP) with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)","volume":"19","author":"Fukuyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0454-z","article-title":"The definition of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is insufficient for the medical environment in Japan: a comparison of HCAP and nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia (NHCAP)","volume":"19","author":"Kaku","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0517-1","article-title":"Reevaluation of the Japanese guideline for healthcare-associated pneumonia in a medium-sized community hospital in Japan","volume":"19","author":"Oshitani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0079OC","article-title":"Risk factors for drug-resistant pathogens in community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"188","author":"Shindo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.2499","article-title":"Importance of functional assessment in the management of community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"53","author":"Kosai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12110","article-title":"Comparison of clinical profile in elderly patients with nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia, and those with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"14","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2013.08.006","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia: analysis of adverse prognostic factors and validity of the selection criteria","volume":"52","author":"Sakoda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124697","article-title":"Bacteriological assessment of healthcare-associated pneumonia using a clone library analysis","volume":"10","author":"Noguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2016.03.003","article-title":"Prospective open-label randomized comparative, non-inferiority study of two initial antibiotic strategies for patients with nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia: guideline-concordant therapy versus empiric therapy","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.03.018","article-title":"Etiological analysis and epidemiological comparison among adult CAP and NHCAP patients in Okinawa, Japan","volume":"23","author":"Parrott","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.01.009","article-title":"Prognostic factors in nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"26","author":"Yamagata","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.03.030","article-title":"Prospective multicenter survey for nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia in Japan","volume":"28","author":"Imamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328329fa4e","article-title":"Healthcare-associated pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease, and all patients do not need the same broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy as complex nosocomial pneumonia","volume":"22","author":"Brito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1536ED","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia versus healthcare-associated pneumonia. The returning pendulum","volume":"188","author":"Wunderink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib90","article-title":"Advances in the causes and management of community acquired pneumonia in adults","volume":"358","author":"Wunderink","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104394","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes among older nursing home residents hospitalized with pneumonia","volume":"95","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027488","article-title":"Factors associated with the appropriate use of ultra-broad spectrum antibiotics, meropenem, for suspected healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"100","author":"Kirsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0950-9","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients directly transferred to the intensive care unit from long-term care beds in institutions and hospitals: a retrospective clinical study","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1701-1","article-title":"Risk factors to predict drug-resistant pathogens in hemodialysis-associated pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12651","article-title":"Predictors of Pseudomonas and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"21","author":"Metersky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.09.015","article-title":"Extended-spectrum antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia with a low risk for drug-resistant pathogens","volume":"124","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2012.11.001","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia (NHCAP) [complete translation]","volume":"51","author":"Kohno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2021.09.012","article-title":"The current definition, epidemiology, animal models and a novel therapeutic strategy for aspiration pneumonia","volume":"60","author":"Teramoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2012.00941.x","article-title":"Physicians' attitudes toward the definition of \"death from age-related physical debility\" in deceased elderly with aspiration pneumonia","volume":"13","author":"Komiya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2014.0127","article-title":"Healthcare-associated pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia","volume":"6","author":"Komiya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.08.010","article-title":"Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against pneumonia and cost analysis for the elderly who receive seasonal influenza vaccine in Japan","volume":"28","author":"Kawakami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.6.901","article-title":"Anaerobic bacterial infections of the lung","volume":"91","author":"Bartlett","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.1.178","article-title":"The role of anaerobes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia: a prospective study","volume":"115","author":"Marik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063103","article-title":"Significance of anaerobes and oral bacteria in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051992","article-title":"The clinical significance of anaerobic coverage in the antibiotic treatment of aspiration pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yoshimatsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.7495","article-title":"Empirical anti-MRSA vs standard antibiotic therapy and risk of 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized for pneumonia","volume":"180","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.04.012","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"28","author":"Goto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1493-3","article-title":"Clinical impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on bacterial pneumonia: cultivation and 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid","volume":"16","author":"Kawanami","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.04.012","article-title":"Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa coverage on the prognosis of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia","author":"Goto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0734","article-title":"Is the delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis related to exposure to fluoroquinolones or any antibiotic?","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.25","article-title":"Rehabilitative management for aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients","volume":"18","author":"Momosaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gen Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy578","article-title":"Evidence-based study design for hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia","volume":"219","author":"Talbot","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0023-2020","article-title":"Is ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia a worse entity than ventilator-associated pneumonia?","volume":"29","author":"Vallecoccia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy631","article-title":"A therapeutic strategy for all pneumonia patients: a 3-year prospective multicenter cohort study using risk factors for multidrug-resistant pathogens to select initial empiric therapy","volume":"68","author":"Maruyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.02.012","article-title":"Risk factors for antibiotic resistance in hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"28","author":"Sano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.1.213","article-title":"Multicenter study of hospital-acquired pneumonia in non-ICU patients","volume":"127","author":"Sopena","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.6.3854","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of health-care-associated pneumonia: results from a large US database of culture-positive pneumonia","volume":"128","author":"Kollef","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05980-0","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a narrative review","volume":"46","author":"Papazian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"171","author":"American Thoracic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2024.01.012","article-title":"Bacterial profiles detected in ventilator-associated pneumonia in Japan: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Moro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70151-2","article-title":"Aggressive versus conservative initiation of antimicrobial treatment in critically ill surgical patients with suspected intensive-care-unit-acquired infection: a quasi-experimental, before and after observational cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Hranjec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5154-4","article-title":"Infection-related ventilator-associated complications in ICU patients colonised with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"44","author":"Barbier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.05.037","article-title":"Additive effect of pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine on acute exacerbation in patients with chronic lung disease","volume":"26","author":"Furumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1004","article-title":"Efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumonia and improving survival in nursing home residents: double blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial","volume":"340","author":"Maruyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408544","article-title":"Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against pneumococcal pneumonia in adults","volume":"372","author":"Bonten","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.08.049","article-title":"A phase 3 trial of safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of V114, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, compared with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults 50 years of age and older (PNEU-AGE)","volume":"40","author":"Platt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7104a1","article-title":"Use of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among U.S. Adults: updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices - United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50106.x","article-title":"Oral care reduces pneumonia in older patients in nursing homes","volume":"50","author":"Yoneyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212534525000942?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212534525000942?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T22:49:19Z","timestamp":1762382959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2212534525000942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2212534525000942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5345","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The JRS guideline for the management of pneumonia in adults 2024","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Investigation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resinv.2025.06.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Respiratory Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}