{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T20:53:36Z","timestamp":1776200016291,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Investigation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T01:28:20Z","timestamp":1771378100000},"page":"101391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum soluble ST2: An effective prognostic biomarker for mortality in patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring invasive mechanical ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0417-1141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunxiang","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JianLing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beilei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiyun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Diseases","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2023.08.007","article-title":"Management goals and stable phase management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Japanese respiratory society guideline for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 (6th edition)","volume":"61","author":"Shibata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5141-9","article-title":"Procalcitonin algorithm to guide initial antibiotic therapy in acute exacerbations of COPD admitted to the ICU: a randomized multicenter study","volume":"44","author":"Daubin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005807","article-title":"Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the ICU: an observational study from the OUTCOMEREA database, 1997-2018","volume":"51","author":"Galerneau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202209-1748SO","article-title":"Phenotypes, etiotypes, and endotypes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"208","author":"Bhatt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010107","article-title":"IL-33, an alarmin of the IL-1 family involved in allergic and non allergic inflammation: focus on the mechanisms of regulation of its activity","volume":"11","author":"Cayrol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.04.011","article-title":"Soluble ST2: a complex and diverse role in several diseases","volume":"507","author":"Homsak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65570","article-title":"Long-term IL-33-producing epithelial progenitor cells in chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"123","author":"Byers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.011","article-title":"Cigarette smoke silences innate lymphoid cell function and facilitates an exacerbated type I interleukin-33-dependent response to infection","volume":"42","author":"Kearley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13032","article-title":"The role of acute and chronic respiratory colonization and infections in the pathogenesis of COPD","volume":"22","author":"Leung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L619","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00305.2014","article-title":"Increased IL-33 expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"308","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.004","article-title":"Soluble ST2 as a prognostic marker in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"70","author":"Watanabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of the IL-33\/ST2 axis in cigarette smoke-induced airways remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"0","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib14","article-title":"Testosterone and soluble ST2 as mortality predictive biomarkers in male patients with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S546523","article-title":"Validation and comparison of BAP-65, DECAF, NEWS, and a novel combined score for predicting in-Hospital mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD","volume":"20","author":"Boesing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202009-3533SO","article-title":"The 2020 GOLD science committee report on COVID-19 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"203","author":"Halpin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib17","first-page":"11","article-title":"Prognostic accuracy of DECAF and Ottawa COPD risk scores in patients presenting to the emergency department with COPD exacerbation","volume":"15","author":"Erg\u00fcl","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Acute Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00475","article-title":"The ST2\/IL-33 axis in immune cells during inflammatory diseases","volume":"8","author":"Griesenauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.05.011","article-title":"Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"138","author":"Barnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04782-4","article-title":"Role of IL-33-ST2 pathway in regulating inflammation: current evidence and future perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20181088","article-title":"Rhinovirus-induces progression of lung disease in a mouse model of COPD via IL-33\/ST2 signaling axis","volume":"133","author":"Gimenes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2013.0063","article-title":"The role of the serum IL-33\/sST2 axis and inflammatory cytokines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"34","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S120445","article-title":"Factors associated with plasma IL-33 levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010056","article-title":"Soluble ST2 and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease-A 10-Year cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Urban","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1309\/WMG2BFRC97MKKQKP","article-title":"Soluble ST2 plasma concentrations predict 1-year mortality in acutely dyspneic emergency department patients with pulmonary disease","volume":"130","author":"Martinez-Rumayor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1080","article-title":"Acute eosinophilic pneumonia with increased soluble ST2 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid","volume":"95","author":"Oshikawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.4.1206","article-title":"The increase in serum soluble ST2 protein upon acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"124","author":"Tajima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2013.33.1.45","article-title":"Association between elevated pleural interleukin-33 levels and tuberculous pleurisy","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.03.020","article-title":"Interleukin 6, galectin 3, growth differentiation factor 15, and soluble ST2 for mortality prediction in critically ill patients","volume":"34","author":"Dieplinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.09.017","article-title":"Predictive value of low interleukin-33 in critically ill patients","volume":"103","author":"Krychtiuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S211448","article-title":"ST2 predicts mortality in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation","volume":"14","author":"Jonsdottir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.01.012","article-title":"Evaluating the prognostic value of DECAF score and procalcitonin in patients with COPD exacerbation","volume":"90","author":"Candemir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211197","article-title":"Home treatment of COPD exacerbation selected by DECAF score: a non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation","volume":"73","author":"Echevarria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213470","article-title":"Comparison of early warning scores in patients with COPD exacerbation: DECAF and NEWS score","volume":"74","author":"Echevarria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037923","article-title":"DECAF score as a mortality predictor for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2020-0410","article-title":"Serum-soluble ST2 as a novel biomarker reflecting inflammatory status and illness severity in patients with COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomarkers Med"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212534526000250?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212534526000250?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T19:53:07Z","timestamp":1776196387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2212534526000250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2212534526000250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5345","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serum soluble ST2: An effective prognostic biomarker for mortality in patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring invasive mechanical ventilation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Investigation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resinv.2026.101391","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Respiratory Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101391"}}