{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:12:09Z","timestamp":1790205129984,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":262,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013183","name":"Swine Innovation Porc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017269","name":"Institut f\u00fcr Raumfahrtsysteme, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine and Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T11:54:41Z","timestamp":1590580481000},"page":"100768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Respiratory support in patients with COVID-19 (outside intensive care unit). A position paper of the Respiratory Support and Chronic Care Group of the French Society of Respiratory Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Rabec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gonzalez-Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mercy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Grassion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pontier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Patout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Delafosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Raherison-Semjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Ma\u00eetre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Duthoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jacquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Borel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-P.","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-F.","family":"Chabot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Morelot-Panzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Jaffuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72,314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0180","first-page":"200843","article-title":"Temporal changes of CT findings in 90 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a longitudinal study","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-2833-7","article-title":"Host susceptibility to severe COVID-19 and establishment of a host risk score: findings of 487 cases outside Wuhan","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30479-3","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in acutely ill adults treated with liberal versus conservative oxygen therapy (IOTA): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916431","article-title":"Liberal or conservative oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"382","author":"Barrot","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004363","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","author":"Alhazzani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209729","article-title":"BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings","volume":"72","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4031","article-title":"Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: early experience and forecast during an emergency response","author":"Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0289-y","article-title":"Noninvasive versus invasive mechanical ventilation for immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pulmon Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e727","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002361","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in acute hypoxemic nonhypercapnic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0245","article-title":"Noninvasive oxygenation strategies in immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","author":"Zayed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503326","article-title":"High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"372","author":"Frat","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12635","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Alraddadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-2738-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of early prone positioning combined with HFNC or NIV in moderate to severe ARDS: a multi-center prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1383863","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation for patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure","volume":"35","author":"Brochard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","article-title":"Ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"369","author":"Slutsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0275","series-title":"WHO Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000471","article-title":"Withdrawing noninvasive ventilation at end-of-life care: is there a right time?","volume":"13","author":"Tripodoro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6338","article-title":"Effect of noninvasive ventilation delivered by helmet vs face mask on the rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"315","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1934","article-title":"Exhaled air dispersion during noninvasive ventilation via helmets and a total facemask","volume":"147","author":"Hui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200305-715OC","article-title":"Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome during intubation and mechanical ventilation","volume":"169","author":"Fowler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2019.07.001","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome: historical, epidemiologic, and clinical features","volume":"33","author":"Hui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-548FR","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula oxygen in adults: an evidence-based assessment","volume":"15","author":"Drake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.07.083","volume":"36","author":"Ni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E260","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160570","article-title":"Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"189","author":"Ou","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05658-2","article-title":"High flow nasal cannula compared with conventional oxygen therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Rochwerg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.10.007","article-title":"Comparison of high-flow nasal cannula versus oxygen face mask for environmental bacterial contamination in critically ill pneumonia patients: a randomized controlled crossover trial","volume":"101","author":"Leung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10717","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010717","article-title":"Risk factors for SARS transmission from patients requiring intubation: a multicentre investigation in Toronto, Canada","volume":"5","author":"Raboud","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0335","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.aiponet.it\/news\/speciale-covid-19\/2426-managing-the-respiratory-care-of-patients-with-covid-19-english-version.html [updated 2020-04-01 21:35:40]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768_bib0340","article-title":"The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590041220300234?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590041220300234?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:44:14Z","timestamp":1762908254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590041220300234"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S2590041220300234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-0412","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Respiratory support in patients with COVID-19 (outside intensive care unit). A position paper of the Respiratory Support and Chronic Care Group of the French Society of Respiratory Diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine and Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmer.2020.100768","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 SPLF and Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100768"}}