{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:19:44Z","timestamp":1793225984842,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":373,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine and Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:42:03Z","timestamp":1667954523000},"page":"100969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence and outcome of steroid-resistant\/refractory pneumonitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3331-2866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Camard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Besse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Louis","family":"Cariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Massayke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Laparra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Noel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Michot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Ammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Le","family":"Pavec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lambotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412082","article-title":"Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation","volume":"372","author":"Robert","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507643","article-title":"Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"373","author":"Borghaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504627","article-title":"Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"373","author":"Brahmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","article-title":"Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Sunitinib in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma","volume":"378","author":"Motzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30065-7","article-title":"Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"18","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx341","article-title":"Nivolumab for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: real-life experience","volume":"28","author":"Bek\u00f6z","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx225","article-title":"Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up\u2020","volume":"28","author":"Haanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002435","article-title":"Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events","volume":"9","author":"Brahmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4073\u2011126","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01440","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: ASCO guideline update","volume":"39","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0010","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 5.0, 2017. Available: https:\/\/ctep. cancer. gov\/ protocolDevelopment\/ electronic_applications\/ ctc. htm#ctc_50"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201906-1202ST","article-title":"Knowledge gaps and research priorities in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis. An official American Thoracic Society Research statement","volume":"200","author":"Sears","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217\u201124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.08.048","article-title":"The determinants of very severe immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a prospective study of the French REISAMIC registry","volume":"158","author":"Ruste","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39\u201150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.02.010","article-title":"The 2016-2019 ImmunoTOX assessment board report of collaborative management of immune-related adverse events, an observational clinical study","volume":"130","author":"Michot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001884","article-title":"Success and failure of additional immune modulators in steroid-refractory\/resistant pneumonitis related to immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"9","author":"Beattie","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001731","article-title":"Steroid-refractory PD-(L)1 pneumonitis: incidence, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Balaji","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759\u201164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.06.024","article-title":"Beyond steroid: Immunosuppressants in steroid-refractory or resistant immune-related adverse events","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607\u201116","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.2453","article-title":"Incidence of programmed cell death 1 inhibitor\u2013related pneumonitis in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Nishino","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97484","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000551","article-title":"Non\u2013small cell lung cancer: role of the immune system and potential for immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Carbone","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212\u20117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.10.001","article-title":"Pre-existing pulmonary fibrosis is a risk factor for anti-PD-1-related pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis","volume":"125","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0020","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"1","author":"Barnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12430","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel112","article-title":"Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for progressive interstitial pneumonia in patients with polymyositis\/dermatomyositis","volume":"46","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02519-2017","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide in steroid-refractory unclassifiable idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF)","volume":"51","author":"Wiertz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37383","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/brvl1v","article-title":"Myositis-associated interstitial lung disease: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management","volume":"40","author":"Hallowell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969_bib0024","first-page":"8794","article-title":"Tocilizumab for the treatment of immune-related adverse events: a systematic literature review and a multicentre case series","volume":"93","author":"Campochiaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590041222000848?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590041222000848?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:54:56Z","timestamp":1762908896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590041222000848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S2590041222000848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-0412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-0412","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence and outcome of steroid-resistant\/refractory pneumonitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine and Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmer.2022.100969","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100969"}}