{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:09:09Z","timestamp":1791266949993,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6444,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,30]],"date-time":"2005-12-30T07:08:01Z","timestamp":1135926481000},"page":"201-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Regulation of toxin and bacteriocin synthesis in Clostridium species by a new subgroup of RNA polymerase \u03c3-factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Dupuy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Matamouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s002849900240","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the clusters of genes encoding the botulinum neurotoxin complex in Clostridium botulinum (Clostridium argentinense) type G and non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B","volume":"35","author":"Bhandari","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01760.x","article-title":"Identification of novel VirR\/VirS-regulated genes in Clostridium perfringens","volume":"35","author":"Banu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.9.2514-2520.1996","article-title":"The virR\/virS locus regulates the transcription of genes encoding extracellular toxin production in Clostridium perfringens","volume":"178","author":"Ba-Thein","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib004","first-page":"265","article-title":"Identification of two genes encoding putative new members of the ECF subfamily of eubacterial RNA polymerase \u03c3 factors in Clostridium acetobutylicum","volume":"2","author":"Behrens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38824-6","article-title":"The complete sequence of botulinum neurotoxin type A and comparison with other clostridial neurotoxins","volume":"265","author":"Binz","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-33-4-207","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection of the gut","volume":"3","author":"Borriello","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(96)00398-8","article-title":"Definition of the single integration site of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile","volume":"181","author":"Braun","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2003.08.001","article-title":"Insights in metabolism and toxin production from the complete genome sequence of Clostridium tetani","volume":"10","author":"Br\u00fcggemann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00663.x","article-title":"Regulated transcription of Clostridium difficile toxin genes","volume":"27","author":"Dupuy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04456.x","article-title":"Transcription activation of a UV-inducible Clostridium perfringens bacteriocin by a novel \u03c3-factor","volume":"55","author":"Dupuy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04527.x","article-title":"Tetanus toxin: Primary structure, expression in E. coli, and homology with botulinum toxins","volume":"5","author":"Eisel","year":"1986","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3982.480","article-title":"Bacteriophage and the toxigenicity of Clostridium botulinum type C","volume":"172","author":"Eklund","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6326263","article-title":"The structural gene for tetanus neurotoxin is on a plasmid","volume":"224","author":"Finn","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.168.3.1189-1196.1986","article-title":"Characterization of a bacteriocinogenic plasmid from Clostridium perfringens and molecular genetic analysis of the bacteriocin-encoding gene","volume":"168","author":"Garnier","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00069.x","article-title":"Studies of UV-inducible promoters from Clostridium perfringens in vivo and in vitro","volume":"2","author":"Garnier","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00263-6","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of the cytotoxin L-encoding gene of Clostridium sordellii: Homology wit Clostridium difficile cytotoxin B","volume":"161","author":"A Green","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.57.030502.090913","article-title":"Multiple sigma subunits and the partitioning of bacterial transcription space","volume":"57","author":"Gruber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.3.1.66","article-title":"Toxigenic clostridia","volume":"3","author":"Hatheway","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2911(02)46002-X","article-title":"The extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors","volume":"46","author":"Helmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Microb. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib020","series-title":"The Clostridia: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis","first-page":"261","article-title":"The genetic basis of toxin production in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani","author":"Henderson","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00290398","article-title":"Sequencing and analysis of the gene encoding the \u03b1-toxin of Clostridum novyi proves its homology to toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile","volume":"247","author":"Hofmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.15.3765-3770.1998","article-title":"Promoter recognition by Bacillus subtilis \u03c3W: autoregulation and partial overlap with the \u03c3X regulon","volume":"180","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bacterial."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.1784-1793.2003","article-title":"Expression of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B and their sigma factor TcdD is controlled by temperature","volume":"71","author":"Karlsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5844","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101126598","article-title":"Regulation of toxin synthesis in Clostridium difficile by an alternative RNA polymerase sigma factor","volume":"98","author":"Mani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5971","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.21.5971-5978.2002","article-title":"Environmental response and autoregulation of Clostridium difficile TxeR, a sigma factor for toxin gene expression","volume":"184","author":"Mani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00985.x","article-title":"BotR is a positive regulator of botulinum neurotoxin and associated non-toxin protein genes in Clostridium botulinum A","volume":"29","author":"Marvaud","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.3.1105-1108.1997","article-title":"Positive regulation of Clostridium difficile toxins","volume":"65","author":"Moncrief","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04377.x","article-title":"BotR and TetR are alternative RNA polymerase sigma factors controlling the expression of the neurotoxin and associated protein genes in Clostridium botulinum type A and Clostridium tetani","volume":"55","author":"Raffestin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.123.2.419-427.1975","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Clostridium perfringens mutants altered in both hemagglutinin and sialidase production","volume":"123","author":"Rood","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.55.4.621-648.1991","article-title":"Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens","volume":"55","author":"Rood","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib031","series-title":"The Clostridia: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02743.x","article-title":"Clostridial VirR\/VirS regulon involves a regulatory RNA molecule for expression of toxins","volume":"43","author":"Shimizu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/222537a0","article-title":"Cyclic re-use of the RNA polymerase sigma factor","volume":"222","author":"Travers","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004_bib034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.40.12.1397","article-title":"Association between production of toxin A and B and types of Clostridium difficile","volume":"40","author":"Wren","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Research in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923250805002731?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923250805002731?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T05:02:27Z","timestamp":1760331747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0923250805002731"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0923250805002731"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0923-2508"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0923-2508","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Regulation of toxin and bacteriocin synthesis in Clostridium species by a new subgroup of RNA polymerase \u03c3-factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.11.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}