{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:25:07Z","timestamp":1785900307206,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]],"date-time":"2007-03-27T07:17:49Z","timestamp":1174979869000},"page":"121-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["The role of hemoglobin oxygen affinity in oxygen transport at high altitude"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Winslow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1923.0008","article-title":"Observations upon the effect of high altitude on the physiological processes of the human body carried out in the Peruvian Andes chiefly at Cerro de Pasco","volume":"211","author":"Barcroft","year":"1923","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15058-1","article-title":"High-altitude adaptations","volume":"362","author":"Beall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(67)90228-8","article-title":"The effect of organic phosphates from the human erythrocyte on the allosteric properties of hemoglobin","volume":"26","author":"Benesch","year":"1967","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib4","first-page":"300","article-title":"The in vivo regeneration of red cell 2,3-diohosphoglyceric acit (DPG) after transfusion of stored blood","volume":"74","author":"Beutler","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/228551a0","article-title":"Three dimensional fourier synthesis of horse deoxyhemoglobin at 2 Angstrom units resolution","volume":"228","author":"Bolton","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(67)90013-6","article-title":"Effect of organic and inorganic phosphates on the oxygen equilibrium curve of human erythrocyte","volume":"121","author":"Chanutin","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V51.2.331.331","article-title":"Hb Potomac (101 Glu replaced by Asp): speculations on placental oxygen transport in carriers of high-affinity hemoglobins","volume":"51","author":"Charache","year":"1978","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105397","article-title":"Polycythemia associated with a hemoglobinopathy","volume":"45","author":"Charache","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib9","first-page":"412","article-title":"The effects of the concentration and function of hemoglobin on the survival of rats after hemorrhage","volume":"85","author":"Collins","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00065-3","article-title":"Oxygen\u2013hemoglobin affinity at sea level may predict acute illness at altitude: theory and simulation","volume":"60","author":"Curran-Everett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1126\/science.183.4126.743","article-title":"Survival at extreme altitude: protective effect of increased hemoglobin\u2013oxygen affinity","volume":"185","author":"Eaton","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(86)90052-X","article-title":"A theoretical analysis of the effect of the particulate nature of blood on oxygen release in capillaries","volume":"32","author":"Federspiel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib13","first-page":"81","article-title":"Modification of the oxygen affinity of instracellular haemoglobin by incorporation of polyphosphates into intact red blood cell enhanced O2 release in the capillary system","volume":"46","author":"Gersonde","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bibl. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1927.sp002354","article-title":"The rate of distribution of dissolved gases between the red blood corpuscle and its fluid environment","volume":"62","author":"Hartridge","year":"1927","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109165","article-title":"Human Llamas. Adaptation to altitude in subjects with high hemoglobin oxygen affinity","volume":"62","author":"Hebbel","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(81)90099-6","article-title":"Oxygen gradients between red blood cells in the microcirculation","volume":"22","author":"Homer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib17","series-title":"Animals in High Altitudes: Resident Man","author":"Hurtado","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(96)00110-1","article-title":"Microvascular and tissue oxygen distribution","volume":"32","author":"Intaglietta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00676.2002","article-title":"Theoretical analysis of effects of blood substitute affinity and cooperativity on organ oxygen transport","volume":"93","author":"Kavdia","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib20","article-title":"Low affinity hemoglobin increases tissue PO2 and decreases arteriolar diameter and flow in the rat cremaster muscle","volume":"23","author":"Kunert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00458a024","article-title":"New effectors of human hemoglobin: structure and function","volume":"29","author":"Lalezari","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197106102842305","article-title":"Adaptation to high altitude","volume":"284","author":"Lenfant","year":"1971","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(80)90040-0","article-title":"Influence of oxygen on perfused capillary density and capillary red cell velocity in rabbit skeletal muscle","volume":"19","author":"Lindbom","year":"1980","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.47.4.889","article-title":"Effect of increased blood\u2013oxygen affinity on oxygen transport in hemorrhagic shock","volume":"47","author":"Malmberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-4622(01)00194-6","article-title":"The role of facilitated diffusion in oxygen transport by cell-free hemoglobins: implications for the design of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers","volume":"92","author":"McCarthy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biophys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(94)90026-4","article-title":"The effect of inositol hexaphosphate in the high-affinity hemoglobin of the Andean chicken (Gallus gallus)","volume":"109","author":"Mejia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B: Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197109092851101","article-title":"Changes in cord blood oxygen affinity after intrauterine transfusions for erythroblastosis","volume":"285","author":"Novy","year":"1971","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602002000100005","article-title":"Hemoglobin affinity in Andean rodents","volume":"35","author":"Ostojic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.1997.2055","article-title":"Oxygen transport by erythrocyte\/hemoglobin solution mixtures in an in vitro capillary as a model of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier performance","volume":"55","author":"Page","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00265a036","article-title":"Hemoglobin as a receptor of drugs and peptides: X-ray studies of the stereochemistry of binding","volume":"108","author":"Perutz","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.42.2.139","article-title":"Causes of high blood O2 affinity of animals living at high altitude","volume":"42","author":"Petschow","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00106a041","article-title":"Allosteric modifiers of hemoglobin. 1. Design, synthesis, testing, and structure-allosteric activity relationship of novel affinity decreasing agents","volume":"34","author":"Randad","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1999.1004","article-title":"Sudden infant death syndrome: a preconditioning approach to acute arterial hypoxemia","volume":"54","author":"Reid","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mph.0000243659.71679.e9","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of hemoglobin Chico at high altitude","volume":"28","author":"Starkey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00341.x","article-title":"MP4, a new nonvasoactive PEG-Hb conjugate","volume":"43","author":"Vandegriff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200103000-00011","article-title":"Allosteric modification of oxygen delivery by hemoglobin","volume":"92","author":"Wahr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01150.x","article-title":"Current status of blood substitute research: towards a new paradigm","volume":"253","author":"Winslow","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Int. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02916236","article-title":"A model for red cell O2 uptake","volume":"2","author":"Winslow","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Monit. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.5.1495","article-title":"The effects of hemodilution on O2 transport in high altitude polycythemia","volume":"59","author":"Winslow","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.6.1411","article-title":"Variability of oxygen affinity of blood: human subjects native to high altitude","volume":"51","author":"Winslow","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.45.2.289","article-title":"Variability of oxygen affinity or normal blood: an automated method of measurement","volume":"45","author":"Winslow","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.56.1.109","article-title":"Red cell function at extreme altitude on Mount Everest","volume":"56","author":"Winslow","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib43","series-title":"Blood Substitutes","author":"Winslow","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.4.1561","article-title":"Different hematologic responses to hypoxia in Sherpas and Quechua Indians","author":"Winslow","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib45","series-title":"Hypoxia, Polycythemia and Chronic Mountain Sickness","author":"Winslow","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)40559-X","article-title":"Oxygen equilibrium curve of normal human blood and its evaluation by Adair's equation","volume":"252","author":"Winslow","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00106a042","article-title":"Allosteric modifiers of hemoglobin. 2. Crystallographically determined binding sites and hydrophobic binding\/interaction analysis of novel hemoglobin oxygen effectors","volume":"34","author":"Wireko","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107466","article-title":"Effect of increased blood oxygen affinity on work performance of rats","volume":"52","author":"Woodson","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904807001097?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904807001097?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T22:13:56Z","timestamp":1761603236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569904807001097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1569904807001097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of hemoglobin oxygen affinity in oxygen transport at high altitude","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2007.03.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}