{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:45:21Z","timestamp":1791326721882,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,8]],"date-time":"2007-07-08T07:13:35Z","timestamp":1183878815000},"page":"271-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Fluid secretion by submucosal glands of the tracheobronchial airways"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Spadafora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1712984","article-title":"Demonstration that CFTR is a chloride channel by alteration of its anion selectivity","volume":"253","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.052779","article-title":"Liquid secretion properties of airway submucosal glands","volume":"556","author":"Ballard","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib3","first-page":"L694","article-title":"CFTR involvement in chloride, bicarbonate and liquid secretion by airway submucosal glands","volume":"277","author":"Ballard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib4","first-page":"L97","article-title":"Ionic mechanism of forskolin-induced liquid secretion by porcine bronchi","volume":"290","author":"Ballard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib5","first-page":"L329","article-title":"Liquid secretion inhibitors reduce mucociliary transport in glandular airways","volume":"283","author":"Ballard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.52.030190.000525","article-title":"The serous cell","volume":"52","author":"Basbaum","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.6.1027","article-title":"Adrenergic and cholinergic nerves mediate fluid secretion from tracheal glands of ferrets","volume":"49","author":"Borson","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.6.3475","article-title":"Murine submucosal glands are clonally derived and show a cystic fibrosis gene-dependent distribution pattern","volume":"20","author":"Borthwick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C511","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.269.2.C511","article-title":"Relative expression of the human epithelial Na+ channel subunits in normal and cystic fibrosis airways","volume":"269","author":"Burch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.24.5.739","article-title":"Composition of tracheobronchial secretions in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and bronchiectsis","volume":"24","author":"Chernick","year":"1959","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.113.5.743","article-title":"Bicarbonate and chloride secretion in Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells","volume":"133","author":"Devor","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.14.3.8845170","article-title":"Neurochemical characterization of intrinsic neurons in ferret tracheal plexus","volume":"14","author":"Dey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib13","first-page":"94","article-title":"Observations in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. III. Pulmonary lesions","volume":"122","author":"Easterly","year":"1968","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1192-240","article-title":"Submucosal glands are the predominant site of CFTR expression in the human bronchus","volume":"2","author":"Engelhardt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1963.tb16665.x","article-title":"Comparison of mucus glands in the tracheobronchial tree of man and animals","volume":"106","author":"Goco","year":"1963","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S193","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.1.S193","article-title":"Pathophysiology of gene-targeted mouse models for cystic fibrosis","volume":"79","author":"Grubb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780283","article-title":"Expression and distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor VPAC2 mRNA in human airways","volume":"81","author":"Groneberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lab Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.12.055","article-title":"Novel concepts of neuropeptide-based drug therapy: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and its receptors","volume":"533","author":"Groneberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(90)90097-I","article-title":"Reflex and chemical responses of trachea; submucosal glands in piglets","volume":"82","author":"Haxhiu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8979109","article-title":"Effects of inhaled acids on airway mucus and its consequences for health","volume":"79","author":"Holma","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.123653","article-title":"Mucus secretion by single tracheal submucosal glands from normal and CFTR knock-out mice","volume":"580","author":"Ianoski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib22","first-page":"L762","article-title":"Effect of anion secretion inhibitors on mucin content of airway submucosal gland ducts","volume":"274","author":"Inglis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib23","first-page":"L203","article-title":"In situ visualization of bronchial submucosal glands and their secretory response to acetylcholine","volume":"272","author":"Inglis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib24","first-page":"L372","article-title":"Effect of anion transport inhibition on mucus secretion by airway submucosal glands","volume":"272","author":"Inglis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20183","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis and airway submucosal glands","volume":"40","author":"Inglis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ped. Pulmonol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib26","first-page":"L855","article-title":"Secretion of acid and base equivalents by intact distal airways","volume":"284","author":"Inglis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib27","first-page":"L223","article-title":"Muscarinic receptor subtypes in feline tracheal submucosal gland secretion","volume":"262","author":"Ishihara","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06020169","article-title":"Localization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in airway secretory glands","volume":"6","author":"Jacquot","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.131087598","article-title":"Submucosal gland secretions in airways from cystic fibrosis patients have normal [Na+] and pH but elevated viscosity","volume":"98","author":"Jayaraman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50710","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208826200","article-title":"Absent secretion to vasoactive intestinal peptide in cystic fibrosis airway glands","volume":"277","author":"Joo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28167","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202712200","article-title":"Mucus secretion from single submucosal glands of pig","volume":"277","author":"Joo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib32","first-page":"L458","article-title":"Optical method for quantifying rates of mucus secretion from single submucosal glands","volume":"281","author":"Joo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2570460","article-title":"Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: genetic analysis","volume":"245","author":"Kerem","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-11-1010","article-title":"Characterization of wild-type and F508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator in human respiratory epithelia","volume":"16","author":"Kreda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-0971(72)90042-3","article-title":"The tracheobronchial submucosal glands in cystic fibrosis: a qualitative and quantitative histochemical study","volume":"66","author":"Lamb","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br. J. Dis. Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1016","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.4.C1016","article-title":"Functional and molecular characterization of an anion exchanger in airway serous epithelial cells","volume":"279","author":"Loffing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81724-9","article-title":"Evidence for periciliary liquid layer depletion, not abnormal ion composition, in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis airways disease","volume":"95","author":"Matsui","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.24.6.729","article-title":"A reconstruction of the duct system and secretory tubules of the human bronchial submucosal gland","volume":"24","author":"Meyrick","year":"1969","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(94)90040-X","article-title":"Tachykinins induce a [Ca2+]i rise in the acinar cells of feline tracheal submucosal gland","volume":"98","author":"Nagaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705029","article-title":"Tachykinin NK3 and NK1 receptor activation elicits secretion from porcine airway submucosal glands","volume":"138","author":"Phillips","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5340","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.12.5340","article-title":"Bicarbonate conductance and pH regulatory capability of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator","volume":"91","author":"Poulsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/279551a0","article-title":"Composition and control of secretions from tracheal bronchial submucosal glands","volume":"279","author":"Quinton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C25","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1981.241.1.C25","article-title":"Possible mechanisms of stimulus-induced vacuolation in serous cells of tracheal secretory glands","volume":"241","author":"Quinton","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/301421a0","article-title":"Chloride impermeability in cystic fibrosis","volume":"301","author":"Quinton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2475911","article-title":"Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA","volume":"245","author":"Riordan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2772657","article-title":"Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: chromosome walking and jumping","volume":"245","author":"Rommens","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2879fje","article-title":"Submucosal gland dysfunction as a primary defect in cystic fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Salinas","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib48","first-page":"L152","article-title":"Apically localized IP3 receptors control chloride current in airway gland acinar cells","volume":"267","author":"Sasaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib49","first-page":"L493","article-title":"Calu-3: a human airway epithelial cell line that shows cAMP-dependent Cl\u2212 secretion","volume":"266","author":"Shen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.4.1237","article-title":"Contractility of isolated single submucosal gland from trachea","volume":"60","author":"Shimura","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1126\/science.257.5073.1083","article-title":"An animal model for cystic fibrosis made by gene targeting","volume":"257","author":"Snouwaert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C741","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00379.2005","article-title":"Hyperacidity of secreted fluid from submucosal glands in early cystic fibrosis","volume":"290","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41288","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107257200","article-title":"Aquaporin-5 dependent fluid secretion in airway submucosal glands","volume":"276","author":"Song","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib54","first-page":"L639","article-title":"Mechanism of substance P-induced liquid secretion across porcine bronchial epithelium","volume":"281","author":"Trout","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib55","first-page":"L1095","article-title":"Acetylcholine-induced liquid secretion by bronchial epithelium: role of Cl\u2212 and HCO3\u2212 transport","volume":"275","author":"Trout","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib56","first-page":"L258","article-title":"Inhibition of airway liquid secretion and its effects on the physical properties of airway mucus","volume":"274","author":"Trout","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.035923","article-title":"Disruptive effects of anion secretion inhibitors on airway mucus morphology in isolated perfused pig lungs","volume":"549","author":"Trout","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib58","first-page":"351","article-title":"Micropipette measurement of airway submucosal gland secretion. Autonomic effects","volume":"121","author":"Ueki","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C2","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00417.2002","article-title":"Role of airway surface liquid and submucosal glands in cystic fibrosis lung disease","volume":"284","author":"Verkman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.2306015","article-title":"Submucosal glands and airway defense","volume":"1","author":"Wine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thoracic Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2007.01.008","article-title":"Parasympathetic control of airway submucosal glands: central reflexes and the airway intrinsic nervous system","volume":"133","author":"Wine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autonom. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib62","first-page":"L304","article-title":"Acinar control of CFTR-dependent airway submucosal gland fluid secretion","volume":"292","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.4.1.53","article-title":"The pathogenesis of fibrocystic disease of the pancreas","volume":"4","author":"Zuelzer","year":"1949","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904807001991?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904807001991?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T22:14:05Z","timestamp":1761603245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569904807001991"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1569904807001991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fluid secretion by submucosal glands of the tracheobronchial airways","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2007.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}