{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T04:06:31Z","timestamp":1770437191177,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Physiology &amp; Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T00:19:49Z","timestamp":1405556389000},"page":"84-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Model-based estimation of loop gain using spontaneous breathing: A validation study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Elnaz","family":"Gederi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamim","family":"Nemati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gari D.","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1109\/10.668741","article-title":"Adaptive AR modeling of nonstationary time series by means of Kalman filtering","volume":"45","author":"Arnold","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0010","first-page":"206","article-title":"Assessment of closed-loop ventilatory stability in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"49","author":"Asyali","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE_J_BME"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014906","article-title":"Mechanisms of hypoxia-induced periodic breathing during sleep in humans","volume":"343","author":"Berssenbrugge","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000061758.05044.64","article-title":"Sleep apnea and heart failure: Part II: Central sleep apnea","volume":"107","author":"Bradley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.4.1079","article-title":"Temporal variations in the pattern of breathing","volume":"80","author":"Bruce","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73693-8_77","article-title":"Prediction of periodic breathing at altitude","volume":"605","author":"Burgess","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2004.00576.x","article-title":"Central and obstructive sleep apnoea during ascent to high altitude","volume":"9","author":"Burgess","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.072371","article-title":"The ventilatory responsiveness to CO(2) below eupnoea as a determinant of ventilatory stability in sleep","volume":"560","author":"Dempsey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.223925","article-title":"Acetazolamide improves loop gain but not the other physiological traits causing obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"590","author":"Edwards","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.18.2214","article-title":"Quantitative general theory for periodic breathing in chronic heart failure and its clinical implications","volume":"102","author":"Francis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1109\/10.568911","article-title":"Estimation of chemoreflex loop gain using pseudorandom binary CO2 stimulation","volume":"44","author":"Ghazanshahi","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0060","article-title":"The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications","author":"Iber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Acad. Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909233411304","article-title":"A mechanism of central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure","volume":"341","author":"Javaheri","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00410.2004","article-title":"Respiratory control stability and upper airway collapsibility in men and women with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"99","author":"Jordan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00157-2","article-title":"Determinants of ventilatory instability and variability","volume":"122","author":"Khoo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02367463","article-title":"Estimation of peripheral chemoreflex gain from spontaneous sigh responses","volume":"17","author":"Khoo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.3.1052","article-title":"Estimation of dynamic chemoresponsiveness in wakefulness and non-rapid-eye-movement sleep","volume":"78","author":"Khoo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/29\/1\/002","article-title":"Robust heart rate estimation from multiple asynchronous noisy sources using signal quality indices and a Kalman filter","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S164","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.suppl_10.164","article-title":"Ventilatory stability during sleep studied with proportional assist ventilation (PAV)","volume":"19","author":"Meza","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90769.2008","article-title":"The effect of remifentanil on respiratory variability, evaluated with dynamic modeling","volume":"106","author":"Mitsis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.6.2765","article-title":"Ventilatory variability induced by spontaneous variations of PaCO2 in humans","volume":"76","author":"Modarreszadeh","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.4.1071","article-title":"Ventilatory stability to CO2 disturbances in wakefulness and quiet sleep","volume":"79","author":"Modarreszadeh","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01358.2010","article-title":"Model-based characterization of ventilatory stability using spontaneous breathing","volume":"111","author":"Nemati","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926305","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/926305","article-title":"Data fusion for improved respiration rate estimation","volume":"2010","author":"Nemati","year":"2010","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2514\/3.3166","article-title":"Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Linear Dynamic Systems","volume":"3","author":"Rauch","year":"1965","journal-title":"Aiaa J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.2.202","article-title":"Periodic breathing and apnea in preterm infants. I. Evidence for hypoventilation possibly due to central respiratory depression","volume":"50","author":"Rigatto","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.2.219","article-title":"Periodic breathing and apnea in preterm infants. II. Hypoxia as a primary event","volume":"50","author":"Rigatto","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020408","article-title":"Effects of high-altitude periodic breathing on sleep and arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation","volume":"12","author":"Salvaggio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/27\/3\/002","article-title":"Time-varying analysis of heart rate variability signals with a Kalman smoother algorithm","volume":"27","author":"Tarvainen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0145","first-page":"317","article-title":"Periodic breathing with periodic oxygen variation in infancy","volume":"146","author":"von Czettritz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-510OC","article-title":"Ventilatory control and airway anatomy in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"170","author":"Wellman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.05.019","article-title":"Effect of oxygen in obstructive sleep apnea: role of loop gain","volume":"162","author":"Wellman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3180db29e5","article-title":"Postnatal development of periodic breathing cycle duration in term and preterm infants","volume":"62","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200110-022OC","article-title":"Apnea\u2013hypopnea threshold for CO2 in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"165","author":"Xie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.5.2007013","article-title":"Chemical control stability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"163","author":"Younes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Physiology &amp; Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904814001645?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904814001645?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T22:33:28Z","timestamp":1761604408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569904814001645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S1569904814001645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Model-based estimation of loop gain using spontaneous breathing: A validation study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2014.07.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}