{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T15:52:03Z","timestamp":1791993123098,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T20:02:50Z","timestamp":1412107370000},"page":"76-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Respiratory tract infections in the military environment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Korzeniewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Nitsch-Osuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Konior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00443","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of military deployment and postdeployment medical encounters for respiratory conditions","volume":"179","author":"Abraham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318252969a","article-title":"Does deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan affect respiratory health of US military personnel?","volume":"54","author":"Abraham","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0015","first-page":"2","article-title":"Associations between repeated deployments to OEF\/OIF\/OND, October 2001\u2013December 2010, and post-deployment illness and injuries, active component, U.S. Armed Forces","volume":"18","author":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Surveill. Mon. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0020","first-page":"17","article-title":"Surveillance snapshot: influenza reportable events, service members and other beneficiaries, 2009\u20132010","volume":"1","author":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Surveill. Mon. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00338","article-title":"Prevalence of respiratory diseases among veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom: results from the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans","volume":"179","author":"Barth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0030","first-page":"6","article-title":"Airway inflammation and upper respiratory tract infection in athletes: is there a link?","volume":"13","author":"Bermon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exerc. Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1183\/1025448x.00033-004","article-title":"Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in athletes: mechanisms for development","volume":"33","author":"Bjermer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70466-2","article-title":"Interactions between influenza and bacterial respiratory pathogens: implications for pandemic preparedness","volume":"6","author":"Brundage","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0045","series-title":"Reported Tuberculosis in the U.S., 2007","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318181e501","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory evaluation of upper respiratory symptoms in elite athletes","volume":"18","author":"Cox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-157","article-title":"Outbreak of pneumonia in the setting of fatal pneumococcal meningitis among US Army trainees: potential role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection","volume":"11","author":"Dawood","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0060","first-page":"vii","article-title":"Tobacco product usage in deployed male and female military personnel","volume":"174","author":"DiNicola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017320","article-title":"Outbreak of influenza in highly vaccinated crew of U.S. Navy ship","volume":"7","author":"Earhart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.08.006","article-title":"Serosurvey of bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens among deployed U.S. service members","volume":"41","author":"Eick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41435","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041435","article-title":"Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines against influenza-associated illnesses among US military personnel in 2010\u201311: a case\u2013control approach","volume":"7","author":"Eick-Cost","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-10-00427","article-title":"Immunological alterations used to predict infections in response to strenuous physical training","volume":"176","author":"Ekblom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1086\/313999","article-title":"Adult adenovirus infections: loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics. For the Adenovirus Surveillance Group","volume":"31","author":"Gray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0503.990308","article-title":"Respiratory diseases among U.S. military personnel: countering emerging threats","volume":"5","author":"Gray","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0095","series-title":"Respiratory Pathogens of Military Importance: A Review. Report No. 96-17","author":"Gray","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.171.9.807","article-title":"Preventive medicine in Task Force 1st Armored Division during Operation Iraqi Freedom","volume":"171","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535070-00002","article-title":"Asthma, airway inflammation and treatment in elite athletes","volume":"35","author":"Helenius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318042d682","article-title":"Health and exposure concerns of veterans deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"49","author":"Helmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0115","first-page":"2","article-title":"Initial assessment of impact of adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccine on febrile respiratory illness and virus transmission in military basic trainees, March 2012","volume":"19","author":"Hoke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Surveill. Mon. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2008.01299.x","article-title":"Risk factors for acute respiratory tract illness in military conscripts","volume":"13","author":"Juvonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1101388","article-title":"Constrictive bronchiolitis in soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"365","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.02.003","article-title":"Environmental factors, immune changes and respiratory diseases in troops during military activities","volume":"187","author":"Korzeniewski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6627-3_18","article-title":"Prevalence of acute respiratory tract diseases among soldiers deployed for military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"788","author":"Korzeniewski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/168.12.1039","article-title":"Respiratory illnesses in relation to military assignments in the Mojave Desert: retrospective surveillance over a 10-year period","volume":"168","author":"Lange","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"issue":"May (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.12.027","article-title":"Respiratory disease in Army recruits: surveillance program overview, 1995\u20132006","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.12.010","article-title":"Selected nonvaccine interventions to prevent infectious acute respiratory disease","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030151","article-title":"Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature","volume":"3","author":"Lowen","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.09.011","article-title":"Cold temperature and low humidity are associated with increased occurrence of respiratory tract infections","volume":"103","author":"M\u00e4kinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.03.017","article-title":"Active tuberculosis and recent overseas deployment in the U.S. military","volume":"39","author":"Mancuso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200802-223OC","article-title":"Pseudoepidemics of tuberculin skin test conversions in the U.S. Army after recent deployments","volume":"177","author":"Mancuso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-10-00436","article-title":"Investigating the respiratory health of deployed military personnel","volume":"176","author":"Morris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/167.4.281","article-title":"Evaluation of exertional dyspnea in the active duty patient: the diagnostic approach and the utility of clinical testing","volume":"167","author":"Morris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0185","first-page":"239","article-title":"Underdiagnosis of asthma in young adults presenting for USAF basic training","volume":"69","author":"Nish","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868110-00004","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and diffuse lung disease","volume":"68","author":"Rajesh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.172.12.1264","article-title":"The prevalence and impact of respiratory symptoms in asthmatics and nonasthmatics during deployment","volume":"172","author":"Roop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.09.001","article-title":"Military service and lung disease","volume":"33","author":"Rose","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(01)00323-3","article-title":"Handwashing and respiratory illness among young adults in military training","volume":"21","author":"Ryan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.713","article-title":"Impact of illness and non-combat injury during Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan)","volume":"73","author":"Sanders","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp287","article-title":"Newly reported respiratory symptoms and conditions among military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: a prospective population-based study","volume":"170","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6177","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006177","article-title":"Self reported incidence and morbidity of acute respiratory illness among deployed U.S. military in Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"4","author":"Soltis","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.1219","article-title":"The relationship between nicotine dependence level and community-acquired pneumonia in young soldiers: a case control study","volume":"47","author":"Tas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-010-9636-3","article-title":"Broad spectrum respiratory pathogen analysis of throat swabs from military recruits reveals interference between rhinoviruses and adenoviruses","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.171.8.703","article-title":"The influence of an arduous military training program on immune function and upper respiratory tract infection incidence","volume":"171","author":"Whitham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mil. Med."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904814002535?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904814002535?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T22:35:06Z","timestamp":1761604506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569904814002535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S1569904814002535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Respiratory tract infections in the military environment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2014.09.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}