{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:50:09Z","timestamp":1786996209918,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Physiology &amp; Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]],"date-time":"2020-06-06T02:20:46Z","timestamp":1591410046000},"page":"103476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Coping with hypoxemia: Could erythropoietin (EPO) be an adjuvant treatment of COVID-19?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"279","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Soliz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith M.","family":"Schneider-Gasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Arias-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Aliaga-Raduan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Poma-Machicao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Zubieta-Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner I.","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Trevizan-Ba\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishi R.","family":"Dhingra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Dutschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0005","article-title":"Erythropoietin in brain development and beyond","volume":"2012","author":"Alnaeeli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103443","article-title":"Does the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 virus decrease at high-altitude?","author":"Arias-Reyes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resp Physiol and Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0015","first-page":"02015","article-title":"Endogenous brain erythropoietin is a potent sex-specific respiratory stimulant in adult and newborn mice","volume":"00143","author":"Ballot","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.10.035","article-title":"Passage of erythropoietic agents across the blood-brain barrier: a comparison of human and murine erythropoietin and the analog darbepoetin alfa","volume":"505","author":"Banks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13591-X","article-title":"High-altitude illness","volume":"361","author":"Basnyat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8655","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701985104","article-title":"Two routes to functional adaptation: tibetan and Andean high-altitude natives","volume":"104","author":"Beall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199807)106:3<385::AID-AJPA10>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Hemoglobin concentration of high-altitude tibetans and bolivian Aymara","volume":"106","author":"Beall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0744","article-title":"Erythropoietin and hypoxia stimulate erythropoietin receptor and nitric oxide production by endothelial cells","volume":"104","author":"Beleslin-Cokic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.01.015","article-title":"Erythropoietin and hypoxia increase erythropoietin receptor and nitric oxide levels in lung microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"54","author":"Beleslin-Cokic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199906000-00007","article-title":"A potential role for erythropoietin in focal permanent cerebral ischemia in mice","volume":"19","author":"Bernaudin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004500","article-title":"Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region - case series","author":"Bhatraju","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.031","article-title":"COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up","author":"Bikdeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1580\/0953-9859-5.3.302","article-title":"Relationship\u2019of mountain.\u00b7sickness to physical fitness\u00b7.J and exercise intensity during ascent","volume":"5","author":"Bircher","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Wilderness Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14907","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406491101","article-title":"Erythropoietin mediates tissue protection through an erythropoietin and common beta-subunit heteroreceptor","volume":"101","author":"Brines","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.51.5.624","article-title":"Carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of respiration","volume":"51","author":"Brunner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1159\/000187347","article-title":"Influence of the treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin on plasma concentration of interleukin-1-alpha and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in hemodialyzed subjects","volume":"64","author":"Buemi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1007\/s12045-014-0057-3","article-title":"Physiology of high-altitude acclimatization","volume":"19","author":"Chawla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reson"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0090","first-page":"25","article-title":"Carbamylated erythropoietin: a prospective drug candidate for neuroprotection","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200205000-00001","article-title":"Hematopoietic factor erythropoietin fosters neuroprotection through novel signal transduction cascades","volume":"22","author":"Chong","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0105","first-page":"6","article-title":"Erythropoietin signaling regulates heme biosynthesis","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071533","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of epoetin alfa in critically ill patients","volume":"357","author":"Corwin","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20875","article-title":"Erythropoietin reduces the degree of arthritis caused by type II collagen in the mouse","volume":"52","author":"Cuzzocrea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112470","article-title":"Tsantan Sumtang attenuated chronic hypoxia-induced right ventricular structure remodeling and fibrosis by equilibrating local ACE-AngII-AT1R\/ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas axis in rat","volume":"250","author":"Dang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930\/a000954","article-title":"Acute Mountain Sickness and High-Altitude Cerebral Edema","volume":"74","author":"Dehnert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther. Umsch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R373","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00292.2006","article-title":"Differential expression of neuronal ACE2 in transgenic mice with overexpression of the brain renin-angiotensin system","volume":"292","author":"Doobay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0543OC","article-title":"Clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan: a retrospective observational study","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.09.001","article-title":"Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: from molecular mechanisms to medicine","volume":"151","author":"Dunham-Snary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy072","article-title":"Cerebral erythropoietin prevents cardio-respiratory dysfunction induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia","volume":"41","author":"Elliot-Portal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089311","article-title":"Functional adaptation to high altitude hypoxia","volume":"187","author":"Frisancho","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(03)00065-X","article-title":"Effect of domperidone on ventilation and polycythemia after 5 weeks of chronic hypoxia in rats","volume":"135","author":"Gamboa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108409","article-title":"Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options for the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Gasmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8997-0_22","article-title":"Non-erythroid functions of erythropoietin","volume":"543","author":"Gassmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06033-2","article-title":"COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatment for different phenotypes?","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401450","article-title":"Erythropoietin as an antiapoptotic, tissue-protective cytokine","volume":"11","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9450","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.142287899","article-title":"Recombinant human erythropoietin counteracts secondary injury and markedly enhances neurological recovery from experimental spinal cord trauma","volume":"99","author":"Gorio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828","article-title":"Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS","volume":"202","author":"Gu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25839","article-title":"Does recombinant human Erythropoietin administration in critically ill COVID-19 patients have miraculous therapeutic effects?","author":"Hadadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570","article-title":"Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis","volume":"203","author":"Hamming","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.3.416","article-title":"Prophylactic effect of erythropoietin injection to prevent acute mountain sickness: an open-label randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Heo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-46825-5_5","article-title":"Evolution of human hypoxia tolerance physiology","volume":"475","author":"Hochachka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0210","first-page":"R1282","article-title":"Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors and reflex control of sodium and water homeostasis","volume":"257","author":"Honig","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2007.00818.x","article-title":"Erythropoietin after a century of research: younger than ever","volume":"78","author":"Jelkmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R806","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.4.R806","article-title":"Gender differentiation of the chemoreflex during growth at high altitude: functional and neurochemical studies","volume":"278","author":"Joseph","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199801000-00007","article-title":"Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in the developing human central nervous system","volume":"43","author":"Juul","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31819d90c8","article-title":"Microarray analysis of high-dose recombinant erythropoietin treatment of unilateral brain injury in neonatal mouse hippocampus","volume":"65","author":"Juul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019736","article-title":"Modification of carotid chemoreceptor-induced changes in renal haemodynamics and function by carotid baroreflex in dogs","volume":"466","author":"Karim","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0240","first-page":"18","article-title":"Acute mountain sickness and high altitude cerebral and pulmonary edema","volume":"63","author":"Kedzierewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Prat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-267","article-title":"The effect of erythropoietin to pulmonary injury and mast cells secondary to acute pancreatitis","volume":"7","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-006-0094-9","article-title":"Lessons from SARS: control of acute lung failure by the SARS receptor ACE2","volume":"84","author":"Kuba","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0255","first-page":"128","article-title":"Translating blood-borne stimuli: chemotransduction in the carotid body","volume":"59","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0260","article-title":"Clinical features of imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Tibetan patients in the Plateau area","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0265","first-page":"R90","article-title":"The role of menopause in the development of chronic mountain sickness","volume":"272","author":"Leon-Velarde","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.110700","article-title":"Enhanced sensitivity of Kv channels to hypoxia in the rabbit carotid body in heart failure: role of angiotensin II","volume":"575","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv499","article-title":"Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4","volume":"213","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0280","article-title":"The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255448","article-title":"Thrombotic complications of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents","volume":"36","author":"Lippi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0290","article-title":"COVID-19:attacks the 1-Beta chain of hemoglobin and captures the porphyrin to inhibit human heme metabolism","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.005","article-title":"Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: a comparison with young and middle-aged patients","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2456613","article-title":"Chemotransduction in the carotid body: K+ current modulated by PO2 in type I chemoreceptor cells","volume":"241","author":"Lopez-Barneo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00265.2015","article-title":"Oxygen sensing by the carotid body: mechanisms and role in adaptation to hypoxia","volume":"310","author":"Lopez-Barneo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6825","article-title":"Management of COVID-19 respiratory distress","author":"Marini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.068296","article-title":"From mountain to bedside: understanding the clinical relevance of human acclimatisation to high-altitude hypoxia","volume":"84","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2007.1074","article-title":"Severe acute mountain sickness and suspect high altitude cerebral edema related to nitroglycerin use","volume":"9","author":"Mazzuero","year":"2008","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02012-06","article-title":"Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"81","author":"McCray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0330","first-page":"648","article-title":"Protective role of recombinant human erythropoietin in kidney and lung injury following renal bilateral ischemia-reperfusion in rat model","volume":"4","author":"Moeini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.062","article-title":"A first case of meningitis\/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2","volume":"94","author":"Moriguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(96)00064-3","article-title":"Ventilatory response to hypoxia in rats: gender differences","volume":"106","author":"Mortola","year":"1996","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.01.002","article-title":"Erythropoietin contrastingly affects bacterial infection and experimental colitis by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB-inducible immune pathways","volume":"34","author":"Nairz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.10.005","article-title":"The pleiotropic effects of erythropoietin in infection and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Nairz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0355","first-page":"285","article-title":"Improved survival of critically ill trauma patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin","volume":"65","author":"Napolitano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-08","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2","volume":"82","author":"Netland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0365","article-title":"Clinical, Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of the SARS-CoV2 Virus and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Literature Review","author":"Ortiz-Prado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preprints"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(98)00026-7","article-title":"Time domains of the hypoxic ventilatory response","volume":"112","author":"Powell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-015-1719-z","article-title":"Regulation of carotid body oxygen sensing by hypoxia-inducible factors","volume":"468","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0380","article-title":"Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0385","article-title":"Flawed methods in\u201cCOVID-19: attacks the 1-Beta chain of hemoglobin and captures the porphyrin to inhibit human heme metabolism","author":"Read","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemRxiv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201108-1396OC","article-title":"Physiological risk factors for severe high-altitude illness: a prospective cohort study","volume":"185","author":"Richalet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-0035-7","article-title":"Erythropoietin reduces acute lung injury and multiple organ failure\/dysfunction associated to a scald-burn inflammatory injury in the rat","volume":"38","author":"Rocha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2006.7.150","article-title":"Evidence for a genetic basis for altitude-related illness","volume":"7","author":"Rupert","year":"2006","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.21.11609","article-title":"Nitric oxide prevents cardiovascular disease and determines survival in polyglobulic mice overexpressing erythropoietin","volume":"97","author":"Ruschitzka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S651","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000098036.90796.ED","article-title":"Red blood cell physiology in critical illness","volume":"31","author":"Scharte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0415","first-page":"695","article-title":"Kidney function during arterial chemoreceptor stimulation. I. Influence of unilateral renal nerve section, bilateral cervical vagotomy, constant artificial ventilation, and carotid body chemoreceptor inactivation","volume":"44","author":"Schmidt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biomed. Biochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.07.019","article-title":"Enhanced erythropoietin expression in the brainstem of newborn rats at high altitude","volume":"502","author":"Seaborn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463713489539","article-title":"Acute high-altitude illness: a clinically orientated review","volume":"7","author":"Smedley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0430","first-page":"e7343","article-title":"Acetazolamide, nifedipine and phosphodiesterase inhibitors: rationale for their utilization as adjunctive countermeasures in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"12","author":"Solaimanzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.093328","article-title":"Erythropoietin regulates hypoxic ventilation in mice by interacting with brainstem and carotid bodies","volume":"568","author":"Soliz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.133454","article-title":"Downregulation of soluble erythropoietin receptor in the mouse brain is required for the ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia","volume":"583","author":"Soliz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.1960","article-title":"Asialoerythropoietin ameliorates bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in rabbits by reducing inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Sonoda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.03.009","article-title":"Viral disruption of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"20","author":"Spindler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702521","article-title":"Recombinant human erythropoietin inhibits iNOS activity and reverts vascular dysfunction in splanchnic artery occlusion shock","volume":"127","author":"Squadrito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1203\/pdr.0b013e31805341dc","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of high-dose recombinant erythropoietin in plasma and brain of neonatal rats","volume":"61","author":"Statler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2007.1079","article-title":"Mechanisms of hemoglobin adaptation to high altitude hypoxia","volume":"9","author":"Storz","year":"2008","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2012.tb00459.x","article-title":"High-altitude pulmonary edema","volume":"2","author":"Swenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2010","article-title":"Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction","volume":"92","author":"Sylvester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00005.2007","article-title":"Teaching the physiology of adaptation to hypoxic stress with the aid of a classic paper on high altitude by Houston and Riley","volume":"32","author":"Tansey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Physiol. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.05015-11","article-title":"Into the eye of the cytokine storm","volume":"76","author":"Tisoncik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/01902148.2016.1190424","article-title":"Erythropoietin may attenuate lung inflammation in a rat model of meconium aspiration syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Turhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Lung Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0133ED","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation for treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"187","author":"Veit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.1.295","article-title":"O2-sensitive K+ currents in carotid body chemoreceptor cells from normoxic and chronically hypoxic rats and their roles in hypoxic chemotransduction","volume":"92","author":"Wyatt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-005-0896-7","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of erythropoietin in the cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin","volume":"61","author":"Xenocostas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.04.006","article-title":"Association between hypoxemia and mortality in patients with COVID-19","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1086\/444461","article-title":"Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the brain: potential role of the chemokine mig in pathogenesis","volume":"41","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0525","series-title":"A Pathological Report of Three COVID-19 Cases by Minimally Invasive Autopsies","author":"Yao","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1924","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001924","article-title":"Erythropoietin: a potent inducer of peripheral immuno\/inflammatory modulation in autoimmune EAE","volume":"3","author":"Yuan","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0535","first-page":"257","article-title":"Protective effects of erythropoietin towards acute lung injuries in rats with Sepsis and its related mechanisms","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L631","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90415.2008","article-title":"Role of HIF-1alpha in the regulation ACE and ACE2 expression in hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"297","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14238","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108393","article-title":"The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China","volume":"214","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2019.01.059","article-title":"Erythropoietin ameliorates lung injury by accelerating pulmonary endothelium cell proliferation via Janus Kinase-Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway after kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury","volume":"51","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476_bib0565","first-page":"811","article-title":"Altitude adaptation through hematocrit changes","volume":"58","author":"Zubieta-Calleja","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Physiology &amp; Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904820301348?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904820301348?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T22:44:07Z","timestamp":1761605047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569904820301348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["S1569904820301348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Coping with hypoxemia: Could erythropoietin (EPO) be an adjuvant treatment of COVID-19?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103476","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103476"}}