{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:20:05Z","timestamp":1789514405281,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN 04918-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN 04918-2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN 402598-2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN 402598-2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008582","name":"McGill University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T19:19:30Z","timestamp":1625944770000},"page":"103740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of induced acute metabolic alkalosis on the V\u0307E\/V\u0307CO2 response to exercise in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"294","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Broadman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7156-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.119607","article-title":"Comparison of ventilatory expired gas parameters used to predict hospitalization in patients with heart failure","volume":"143","author":"Arena","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.07.014","article-title":"Peak VO2 and VE\/VCO2 slope in patients with heart failure: a prognostic comparison","volume":"147","author":"Arena","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HCR.0000320071.89093.d6","article-title":"The ventilatory classification system effectively predicts hospitalization in patients with heart failure","volume":"28","author":"Arena","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-007-9067-5","article-title":"The clinical and research applications of aerobic capacity and ventilatory efficiency in heart failure: an evidence-based review","volume":"13","author":"Arena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0025","article-title":"Defining the optimal prognostic window for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with heart failure","volume":"109","author":"Arena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Failure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03233","article-title":"Ventilatory efficiency before and after lung volume reduction surgery","volume":"60","author":"Armstrong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00027-2020","article-title":"The prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Barratt","year":"2020","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","article-title":"Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion","volume":"14","author":"Borg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199706000-00001","article-title":"Effect of acute bicarbonate administration on exercise responses of COPD patients","volume":"29","author":"Coppoolse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.9902117","article-title":"Prospective randomized trial comparing bilateral lung volume reduction surgery to pulmonary rehabilitation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"160","author":"Criner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114729","article-title":"Effects of sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity endurance performance in cyclists: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial","volume":"9","author":"Egger","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201501-0157OC","article-title":"Pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Implications for dyspnea and exercise intolerance","volume":"191","author":"Elbehairy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2018.03.012","article-title":"Acute bronchodilator therapy does not reduce wasted ventilation during exercise in COPD","volume":"252\u2013253","author":"Elbehairy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0841OC","article-title":"Common mechanisms of dyspnea in chronic interstitial and obstructive lung disorders","volume":"193","author":"Faisal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007273430402","article-title":"Effect of lung-volume\u2013reduction surgery in patients with severe emphysema","volume":"343","author":"Geddes","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9712108","article-title":"Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population","volume":"159","author":"Hankinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.07.105","article-title":"Prognostic value of the V E\/V CO2 slope calculated from different time intervals in patients with suspected heart failure","volume":"118","author":"Ingle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.39.255","article-title":"Effects of bicarbonate ingestion on the respiratory compensation threshold and maximal exercise performance","volume":"39","author":"Iwaoka","year":"1989","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0095","first-page":"959","article-title":"Effect of pH on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to exercise","volume":"43","author":"Jones","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0100","first-page":"700","article-title":"Normal standards for an incremental progressive cycle ergometer test","volume":"131","author":"Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2016.1253670","article-title":"Emphysema on thoracic CT and exercise ventilatory inefficiency in mild-to-moderate COPD","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"813\u2013822","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.03.018","article-title":"PDE 5 inhibition with udenafil improves left ventricular systolic\/diastolic functions and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"169","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0115","first-page":"1558","article-title":"Effect of pH on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during progressive exercise","volume":"57","author":"Kowalchuk","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.1.102","article-title":"Effects of sodium bicarbonate administration on the exercise tolerance of normal subjects breathing through dead space","volume":"115","author":"Light","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319862908","article-title":"Ventilatory efficiency is a stronger prognostic indicator than peak oxygen uptake or body mass index in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"27","author":"Maiorana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","article-title":"Standardisation of spirometry","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00135514","article-title":"Exercise ventilatory inefficiency in mild to end-stage COPD","volume":"45","author":"Neder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exercise ventilatory inefficiency adds to lung function in predicting mortality in COPD","author":"Neder","year":"2016","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02036-2016","article-title":"Physiological and clinical relevance of exercise ventilatory efficiency in COPD","volume":"49","author":"Neder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201612-1033FR","article-title":"Ventilatory inefficiency and exertional dyspnea in early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"14","author":"Neder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2019.1631776","article-title":"Inspiratory constraints and ventilatory inefficiency are superior to breathing reserve in the assessment of exertional dyspnea in COPD","volume":"16","author":"Neder","year":"2019","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0160","first-page":"185","article-title":"Effect of CO2 set point on ventilatory response to exercise","volume":"51","author":"Oren","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0165","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Effect of acid-base status on the kinetics of the ventilatory response to moderate exercise","volume":"52","author":"Oren","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.06.013","article-title":"Effect of sildenafil on ventilatory efficiency and exercise tolerance in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Oudiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00659","article-title":"Measurement and interpretation of exercise ventilatory efficiency","volume":"11","author":"Phillips","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280913","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide improves ventilatory efficiency and exercise capacity in patients with mild COPD: a randomized-control cross-over trial","volume":"599","author":"Phillips","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103571","article-title":"Elevated exercise ventilation in mild COPD is not linked to enhanced central chemosensitivity","volume":"284","author":"Phillips","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14045","article-title":"Reduced exercise tolerance in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the contribution of combined abnormalities of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and ventilatory efficiency","volume":"26","author":"Phillips","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.08.037","article-title":"Prediction of severe cardiovascular events by VE\/VCO 2 slope versus peak VO 2 in systolic heart failure: a meta-analysis of the published literature","volume":"160","author":"Poggio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"issue":"Suppl. 125","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0200","first-page":"85","article-title":"Reduced ventilatory efficiency during exercise predicts major vascular complications and mortality for interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Rosato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-23","article-title":"Ventilatory efficiency testing as prognostic value in patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Schwaiblmair","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2267","article-title":"VE\/VCO2 slope and its prognostic value in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)02421-3","article-title":"Lung volume reduction surgery in emphysema: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Stirling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00774.2020","article-title":"The effect of long-acting dual bronchodilator therapy on exercise tolerance, dynamic hyperinflation, and dead space during constant work rate exercise in COPD","volume":"130","author":"Stringer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.3.506","article-title":"Pulmonary mechanics during exercise in normal males","volume":"49","author":"Stubbing","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0965CI","article-title":"Excess ventilation during exercise and prognosis in chronic heart failure","volume":"183","author":"Sue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1161\/hc2901.093198","article-title":"Exercise pathophysiology in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"104","author":"Sun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00149831-200308000-00008","article-title":"A critical appraisal of the prognostic value of the VE\/VCO2 slope in chronic heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Tabet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.12.013","article-title":"Differences in gas exchange between severities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"186","author":"Thirapatarapong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04471","article-title":"The prognostic role of ventilatory inefficiency and exercise capacity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"61","author":"Vainshelboim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.70.1_Supplement.173","article-title":"Testing regulation of ventilation with exercise","volume":"70","author":"Wasserman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1984.129.2P2.S17","article-title":"Ventilatory responses to exercise and their control in man","volume":"129","author":"Whipp","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904821001257?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904821001257?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:18:14Z","timestamp":1777619894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569904821001257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S1569904821001257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of induced acute metabolic alkalosis on the V\u0307E\/V\u0307CO2 response to exercise in healthy adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103740","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103740"}}