{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T22:53:10Z","timestamp":1761605590571,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":280,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS105785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS105785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Physiology &amp; Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T14:14:20Z","timestamp":1662387260000},"page":"103962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Phrenic-to-intercostal reflex activity in response to high frequency spinal cord stimulation (HF-SCS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof E.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony F.","family":"DiMarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.3.1224","article-title":"Synaptic inhibition of cat phrenic motoneurons by internal intercostal nerve stimulation","volume":"82","author":"Bellingham","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp022014","article-title":"On the intercostal muscle compensation for diaphragmatic paralysis in the dog","volume":"500","author":"Brichant","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib3","first-page":"907","article-title":"Discharge properties and recruitment of human diaphragmatic motor units during voluntary inspiratory tasks","volume":"518","author":"Butler","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(03)00161-7","article-title":"Reflex inhibition of human inspiratory muscles in response to contralateral phrenic nerve stimulation","volume":"138","author":"Butler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63274-6.00015-1","article-title":"The neural control of human inspiratory muscles","volume":"209","author":"Butler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1985.sp015846","article-title":"The distribution of monosynaptic connexions from inspiratory bulbospinal neurones to inspiratory motoneurones in the cat","volume":"368","author":"Davies","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.445bh.x","article-title":"Role of joint receptors in modulation of inspiratory intercostal activity by rib motion in dogs","volume":"503","author":"De Troyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.6.2614","article-title":"Inspiratory function of the levator costae and external intercostal muscles in the dog","volume":"67","author":"De Troyer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib9","first-page":"373","article-title":"Chest wall mechanics in dogs with acute diaphragm paralysis","volume":"53","author":"De Troyer","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc Physiol."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.255af.x","article-title":"Reflex inhibition of canine inspiratory intercostals by diaphragmatic tension receptors","volume":"514","author":"De Troyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00007.2004","article-title":"Respiratory action of the intercostal muscles","volume":"85","author":"De Troyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.919bp.x","article-title":"The canine phrenic-to-intercostal reflex","volume":"508","author":"De Troyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"5085","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/214312a0","article-title":"Spinal intercostal-phrenic reflexes","volume":"214","author":"Decima","year":"1967","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04412.x","article-title":"Intercostal-to-phrenic reflexes in the spinal cat","volume":"75","author":"Decima","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00252.2009","article-title":"High-frequency spinal cord stimulation of inspiratory muscles in dogs: a new method of inspiratory muscle pacing","volume":"107","author":"DiMarco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.03.017","article-title":"Intercostal muscle pacing with high frequency spinal cord stimulation in dogs","volume":"171","author":"DiMarco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.199679","article-title":"Distribution of electrical activation to the external intercostal muscles during high frequency spinal cord stimulation in dogs","volume":"589","author":"DiMarco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01321.2013","article-title":"Electrical activation to the parasternal intercostal muscles during high-frequency spinal cord stimulation in dogs","volume":"118","author":"DiMarco","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00006.2019","article-title":"High frequency spinal cord stimulation in a sub-acute animal model of spinal cord injury","author":"DiMarco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1955.18.3.217","article-title":"Skeletal muscle reflexes of splanchnic and intercostal nerve origin in acute spinal and decerebrate cats","volume":"18","author":"Downman","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1958.sp005990","article-title":"Spinal tracts and supraspinal centres influencingvisceromotor and allied reflexes in cats","volume":"141","author":"Downman","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"589","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.210476","article-title":"Spinal breathing: stimulation and surprises","volume":"1","author":"Gandevia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.2.8564108","article-title":"Discharge frequencies of parasternal intercostal and scalene motor units during breathing in normal and COPD subjects","volume":"153","author":"Gandevia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.101915","article-title":"Spatial distribution of inspiratory drive to the parasternal intercostal muscles in humans","volume":"573","author":"Gandevia","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1963.sp007192","article-title":"Excitatory and inhibitory actions on phrenic motoneurons","volume":"168","author":"Gill","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2017.11.003","article-title":"Assessment of 'neural respiratory drive' from the parasternal intercostal muscles","volume":"252\u2013253","author":"Hudson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000191","article-title":"A principle of neuromechanical matching for motor unit recruitment in human movement","volume":"47","author":"Hudson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"3\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.04.001","article-title":"Spinal reflexes, mechanisms and concepts: from Eccles to Lundberg and beyond","volume":"78","author":"Hultborn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.3.352","article-title":"An intercostal-phrenic inhibitory reflex in human newborn infants","volume":"40","author":"Knill","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90243-1","article-title":"Phrenic-to-phrenic inhibition and excitation in spinal cats","volume":"91","author":"Macron","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91578-8","article-title":"Effects of ipsilateral and contralateral cervical phrenic afferents stimulation on phrenic motor unit activity in the cat","volume":"450","author":"Marlot","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085907","article-title":"Human intersegmental reflexes from intercostal afferents to scalene muscles","volume":"101","author":"McBain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236596","article-title":"The time course of conduction failure during degeneration of a central tract","volume":"14","author":"McDonald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.1.146","article-title":"Mechanism of rib cage inspiratory muscle recruitment in diaphragmatic paralysis","volume":"139","author":"Ninane","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib35","first-page":"1150","article-title":"Respiratory responses in reversible diaphragm paralysis","volume":"51","author":"Nochomovitz","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010296","article-title":"Extra-segmental reflexes derived from intercostal afferents: phrenic and laryngeal responses","volume":"233","author":"Remmers","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00683.2006","article-title":"Differential activation among five human inspiratory motoneuron pools during tidal breathing","volume":"102","author":"Saboisky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.3.941","article-title":"Attenuation of phrenic motor discharge by phrenic nerve afferents","volume":"62","author":"Speck","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.3.946","article-title":"Excitation of dorsal and ventral respiratory group neurons by phrenic nerve afferents","volume":"62","author":"Speck","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198303000-00011","article-title":"Radiology of the diaphragm as two muscles","volume":"18","author":"Stewart","year":"1983","journal-title":"Invest Radio."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Physiology &amp; Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904822001215?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904822001215?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T22:47:02Z","timestamp":1761605222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569904822001215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1569904822001215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9048"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1569-9048"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Phrenic-to-intercostal reflex activity in response to high frequency spinal cord stimulation (HF-SCS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2022.103962","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103962"}}