{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:39:36Z","timestamp":1793104776772,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:19:15Z","timestamp":1791904755000},"page":"104657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prolonged isocapnic buffering and economical breathing in trained distance runners"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"346","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5379-3567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Houtan","family":"Shahidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ertay","family":"Seyrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"Metin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib1","article-title":"Prediction of aerobic and anaerobic capacity from lactate relative change during isocapnic buffering phase in elite athletes","volume":"6","author":"[Anonymous]","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sport. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200001000-00012","article-title":"Howley ET. Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance","volume":"32","author":"Bassett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020","article-title":"A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange","volume":"60","author":"Beaver","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/17461390701456148","article-title":"Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance","volume":"7","author":"Burnley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.4.1387","article-title":"Effects of prior heavy exercise on phase II pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise","volume":"89","author":"Burnley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0773-z","article-title":"End-tidal pressure of CO2 and exercise performance in healthy subjects","volume":"103","author":"Bussotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.6.450","article-title":"Effects of endurance training on the isocapnic buffering and hypocapnic hyperventilation phases in professional cyclists","volume":"34","author":"Chicharro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib8","unstructured":"Cohen J. The effect size. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 1988. 77-83."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199500230-00004","article-title":"Integration of the physiological factors determining endurance performance ability","volume":"23","author":"Coyle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31815f8957","article-title":"Respiratory System Determinants of Peripheral Fatigue and Endurance Performance","volume":"40","author":"Dempsey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.12.015","article-title":"Consequences of exercise-induced respiratory muscle work","volume":"151","author":"Dempsey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1770342","article-title":"Control of Breathing","volume":"44","author":"Dempsey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R433","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00065.2023","article-title":"Current definitions of the breathing cycle in alveolar breath-by-breath gas exchange analysis","volume":"325","author":"Girardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.5.1573","article-title":"Respiratory muscle work compromises leg blood flow during maximal exercise","volume":"82","author":"Harms","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/026404199365786","article-title":"Energy system contributions in middle-distance running events","volume":"17","author":"Hill","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199509000-00009","article-title":"Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary","volume":"27","author":"Howley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib17","volume":"2001","author":"ISftAo","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200029060-00001","article-title":"The effect of endurance training on parameters of aerobic fitness","volume":"29","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419608727717","article-title":"A 1% treadmill grade most accurately reflects the energetic cost of outdoor running","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.143834","article-title":"Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions","volume":"586","author":"Joyner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2021.18.17","article-title":"Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Educ. Eval. Health Prof."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020490","article-title":"Is the ventilatory efficiency in endurance athletes different?\u2014Findings from the NOODLE study","volume":"13","author":"Kasiak","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15135133","article-title":"COACH Study: COVID-19 Influence on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Athletes\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kasiak","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29252\/aassjournal.6.1.1","article-title":"The relationship between the isocapnic buffering phase and ventilatory threshold in endurance athletes and team sport athletes during an incremental exercise test","volume":"6","author":"Korkmaz Ery\u0131lmaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Sport. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/tsm2\/5904935","article-title":"Optimizing the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Endurance Athletes: Precision Approach for Health and Performance","volume":"2025","author":"Kowalski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050546","article-title":"Breathing pattern in highly competitive cyclists during incremental exercise","volume":"79","author":"Luc\u00eda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00037.2005","article-title":"PPARGC1A genotype (Gly482Ser) predicts exceptional endurance capacity in European men","volume":"99","author":"Lucia","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","article-title":"Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework","volume":"17","author":"McKay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737100-00003","article-title":"Training to enhance the physiological determinants of long-distance running performance: can valid recommendations be given to runners and coaches based on current scientific knowledge?","volume":"37","author":"Midgley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1702120","article-title":"An evidence-based multi-factorial model to predict the oxygen cost of ventilation during ramp-incremental cycle ergometry exercise","volume":"17","author":"O\u2019Malley","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac255","article-title":"Characterization of ventilatory efficiency during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in healthy athletes","volume":"30","author":"Petek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib32","series-title":"Hrsg. On Oxygen","first-page":"13","article-title":"Chapter 2 - Exercise hyperpnea: the first step of oxygen delivery","author":"Phillips","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000939","article-title":"Critical power: an important fatigue threshold in exercise physiology","volume":"48","author":"Poole","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2012.tb00419.x","article-title":"Oxygen uptake kinetics","volume":"2","author":"Poole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"issue":"1985","key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01063.2016","article-title":"Measurement of the maximum oxygen uptake V\u0307o(2max): V\u0307o(2peak) is no longer acceptable","volume":"122","author":"Poole","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0596-3","article-title":"Validity of criteria for establishing maximal O2 uptake during ramp exercise tests","volume":"102","author":"Poole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2024.104389","article-title":"End-tidal CO2 and ventilation: Novel markers for assessing performance levels in elite long-distance runners","volume":"333","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344573","article-title":"Assessing lactate stability at the minimum lactate steady state velocity in male trained middle-distance runners","volume":"21","author":"Shahidi","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355988","article-title":"Overground running incurs a higher energetic cost than treadmill running at a 1% grade: A comparison of running economy, oxygen cost of transport, and energy cost in endurance athletes","volume":"21","author":"Shahidi","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib40","series-title":"Wasserman & Whipp's: principles of exercise testing and interpretation: including pathophysiology and clinical applications","author":"Sietsema","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01054-8","article-title":"Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited","volume":"37","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0160-2020","article-title":"Ventilation\/carbon dioxide output relationships during exercise in health","volume":"30","author":"Ward","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E519","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1994.266.4.E519","article-title":"Coupling of external to cellular respiration during exercise: the wisdom of the body revisited","volume":"266","author":"Wasserman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-198704000-00014","article-title":"Principles of exercise testing and interpretation","volume":"7","author":"Wasserman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.2.236","article-title":"Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise","volume":"35","author":"Wasserman","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000177476.63356.22","article-title":"Pulmonary O2 uptake during exercise: conflating muscular and cardiovascular responses","volume":"37","author":"Whipp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1159\/000413438","article-title":"Respiratory markers of the anaerobic threshold. The anaerobic threshold: physiological and clinical significance","volume":"35","author":"Whipp","year":"1987","journal-title":"Adv. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904826001163?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569904826001163?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:27:42Z","timestamp":1793104062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569904826001163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S1569904826001163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-9048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-9048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prolonged isocapnic buffering and economical breathing in trained distance runners","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resp.2026.104657","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104657"}}