{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T05:32:01Z","timestamp":1774675921094,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNR 340-2013-5460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNR 340-2013-5460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004472","name":"Riksbankens Jubileumsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["324233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000835","name":"University of Bath","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,22]],"date-time":"2017-07-22T23:02:06Z","timestamp":1500764526000},"page":"1490-1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Location choices of graduate entrepreneurs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Johan P.","family":"Larsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Wennberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Wiklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2013.08.016","article-title":"National Systems of Entrepreneurship: measurement issues and policy implications","volume":"43","author":"\u00c1cs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1080\/0034340042000280938","article-title":"Employment growth and entrepreneurial activity in cities","volume":"38","author":"Acs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-005-1998-4","article-title":"Entrepreneurship, agglomeration and technological change","volume":"24","author":"Acs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-008-9157-3","article-title":"The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship","volume":"32","author":"Acs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2014.04.012","article-title":"Knowledge sources of entrepreneurship: firm formation by academic, user and employee innovators","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/17421772.2014.961534","article-title":"Market thickness and the early labour market career of university graduates: an urban advantage?","volume":"9","author":"Ahlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spatial Econ. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/sej.8","article-title":"Small worlds, infinite possibilities? How social networks affect entrepreneurial team formation and search","volume":"1","author":"Aldrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strateg. Entrepreneur. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2011.0652","article-title":"Organizational sponsorship and founding environments: a contingency view on the survival of business-incubated firms, 1994\u20132007","volume":"56","author":"Amezcua","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad. Manage. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/lbu049","article-title":"Local entrepreneurship clusters in cities","volume":"16","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/pirs.12025","article-title":"The sources of the urban wage premium by worker skills: spatial sorting or agglomeration economies?","volume":"93","author":"Andersson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pap. Reg. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2012.01.004","article-title":"Startups by recent university graduates and their faculty: implications for university entrepreneurship policy","volume":"41","author":"Astebro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Astebro, T.B., Braguinsky, S., Braunerhjelm, P., Brostr\u00f6m, A., 2015. Academic Entrepreneurship: Bayh-Dole Versus the Professor's Privilege. HEC Paris Research Paper No. SPE-2015-1118. Available at SSRN: http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2677283.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2677283"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2005.03.012","article-title":"Does the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship hold for regions?","volume":"34","author":"Audretsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2005.05.009","article-title":"University spillovers and new firm location","volume":"34","author":"Audretsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/14632440110094632","article-title":"Entrepreneurial intent among students in Scandinavia and in the USA","volume":"2","author":"Autio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Enterp. Innov. Manage. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2011.602335","article-title":"Attractors of entrepreneurial activity: universities, regions and alumni entrepreneurs","volume":"47","author":"Baltzopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.02.006","article-title":"Establishment of higher education institutions and new firm entry","volume":"40","author":"Baptista","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2013.06.004","article-title":"Regional influences on the prevalence of family versus non-family start-ups","volume":"29","author":"Bird","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bus. Venturing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0095","series-title":"H\u00f6gskola och studenter i Karlstad. En bok om H\u00f6gskolan, universitetsfilialen, l\u00e4rarh\u00f6gskolan","article-title":"Geografisk och social rekrytering av studenter [Geographic and social background among students]","author":"Blom","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"University technology transfer through entrepreneurship: faculty and students in spinoffs","author":"Boh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Technol. Transf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.04.016","article-title":"Universities and regional economic development: the entrepreneurial University of Waterloo","volume":"37","author":"Bramwell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1080\/0034340042000280947","article-title":"Geographical concentration, entrepreneurship and regional growth: evidence from regional data in Sweden, 1975\u201399","volume":"38","author":"Braunerhjelm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.hep.8300062","article-title":"Delineating the character of the entrepreneurial university","volume":"17","author":"Clark","year":"2004","journal-title":"High. Educ. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2005.03.010","article-title":"Founders\u2019 human capital and the growth of new technology-based firms: a competence-based view","volume":"34","author":"Colombo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0125","series-title":"Agglomeration Economics","article-title":"Estimating agglomeration economies with history, geology, and worker effects","author":"Combes","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-0080(99)80008-X","article-title":"Urban labour markets","volume":"3","author":"Crampton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Handb. Reg. Urban Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-017-9854-x","article-title":"Parents#xp# performance in entrepreneurship as a \"double-edged sword\" for the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship","author":"Criaco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-013-9501-0","article-title":"University choice and entrepreneurship","volume":"42","author":"Daghbashyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1057\/emr.2009.14","article-title":"The embedded entrepreneur","volume":"6","author":"Dahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Manage. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1110.1476","article-title":"Home sweet home: entrepreneurs' location choices and the performance of their ventures","volume":"58","author":"Dahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Manage. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0155","series-title":"New Technology-Based Firms in the New Millennium","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1108\/S1876-0228(2010)0000008006","article-title":"Linking innovation and entrepreneurship in higher education: a study of swedish schools of entrepreneurship","author":"Dahlstrand","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/00343409412331348356","article-title":"New firm formation and regional development in Sweden","volume":"28","author":"Davidsson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0165","series-title":"Researching Entrepreneurship","author":"Davidsson","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/lbq010","article-title":"Clusters and entrepreneurship","volume":"10","author":"Delgado","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/089856200283063","article-title":"Where do they come from? Prevalence and characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs","volume":"12","author":"Delmar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Entrepreneur. Reg. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0180","series-title":"Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-0080(04)80005-1","article-title":"Micro-foundations of urban agglomeration economies.","author":"Duranton","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0185","first-page":"333","article-title":"Opportunities and entrepreneurship","volume":"29","author":"Eckhardt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00069-4","article-title":"The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm","volume":"29","author":"Etzkowitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/oep\/gpl010","article-title":"Human capital flows and regional knowledge assets: a simultaneous equation approach","volume":"58","author":"Faggian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oxf. Econ. Pap."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-010-9292-5","article-title":"Identity and entrepreneurship: do school peers shape entrepreneurial intentions?","volume":"39","author":"Falck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.01.003","article-title":"Knowledge spillovers through human mobility across national borders: evidence from Zhongguancun Science Park in China","volume":"40","author":"Filatotchev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.05.013","article-title":"Complements or substitutes? The role of universities and local context in supporting the creation of academic spin-offs","volume":"40","author":"Fini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0215","series-title":"Student Entrepreneurship: Demographics, Competences and Obstacles","author":"Fini","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1090.1094","article-title":"Hybrid entrepreneurship","volume":"56","author":"Folta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Manage. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/etap.12223","article-title":"Mobility and entrepreneurship: evaluating the scope of knowledge-based theories of entrepreneurship","volume":"40","author":"Frederiksen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Entrepreneur. Theory Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1561\/0300000043","article-title":"New business formation and regional development: A survey and assessment of the evidence","volume":"9","author":"Fritsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.05.017","article-title":"Founder's human capital, external investment, and the survival of new high-technology ventures","volume":"39","author":"Gimmon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0240","series-title":"The Future of Urban Research: Nonmarket Interactions [with Comments]. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs","first-page":"101","author":"Glaeser","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0245","series-title":"Entrepreneurship and the City","author":"Glaeser","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0250","series-title":"Future of Cities: Graduate Mobility and Productivity \u2013 an Experiment in Place-based Open Policy-making","author":"Government_Office_for_Science","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2307\/202051","article-title":"The strength of weak ties: a network theory revisited","volume":"1","author":"Granovetter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sociol. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1086\/228311","article-title":"Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness","volume":"9","author":"Granovetter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.04.005","article-title":"30 years after Bayh\u2013Dole: reassessing academic entrepreneurship","volume":"40","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0270","series-title":"The Higher Education \u2013 Business and Community Interaction (HE-BCI) Survey 2013\/4","author":"HESA","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-013-9470-3","article-title":"Parent universities and the location of academic startups","volume":"42","author":"Heblich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011153922906","article-title":"Designing efficient institutions for science-based entrepreneurship: lesson from the US and Sweden","volume":"26","author":"Henrekson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Technol. Transf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/147612700311002","article-title":"Patterns of multidimensionality among embedded network ties: a typology of relational embeddedness in emerging entrepreneurial firms","volume":"1","author":"Hite","year":"2003","journal-title":"Strategic Organiz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2007.03.001","article-title":"Entrepreneurs from technology-based universities: evidence from MIT","volume":"36","author":"Hsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1086\/381478","article-title":"Liquidity constraints, household wealth, and entrepreneurship","volume":"112","author":"Hurst","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Polit. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9026(01)00076-3","article-title":"The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process","volume":"17","author":"Jack","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bus. Venturing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(03)00024-6","article-title":"Entrepreneurial transformations in the Swedish University system: the case of Chalmers University of Technology","volume":"32","author":"Jacob","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/08985629100000005","article-title":"University training for entrepreneurship: Swedish approaches","volume":"3","author":"Johannisson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Entrepreneur. Reg. Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10110-003-0181-z","article-title":"Agglomeration and networks in spatial economies","volume":"83","author":"Johansson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pap. Reg. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s101100200000","article-title":"Time distances and labor market integration","volume":"81","author":"Johansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pap. Reg. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1080\/00343409612331349968","article-title":"Spatial variations in the determinants and effects of firm births and deaths","volume":"30","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1120.0773","article-title":"Social influence and entrepreneurship: the effect of university peers on entrepreneurial entry","volume":"24","author":"Kacperczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Organiz. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2003.11.001","article-title":"The role of social embeddedness in professorial entrepreneurship: a comparison of electrical engineering and computer science at UC Berkeley and Stanford","volume":"33","author":"Kenney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2012.08.001","article-title":"Coming back home after the sun rises: returnee entrepreneurs and growth of high tech industries","volume":"42","author":"Kenney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008184601282","article-title":"Comparing academic entrepreneurship in Europe\u2013the case of Sweden and Ireland","volume":"14","author":"Klofsten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0350","first-page":"13","article-title":"Migration of recent college graduates: evidence from the national longitudinal survey of youth","author":"Kodrzycki","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Engl. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2014.02.002","article-title":"Location choice of academic entrepreneurs: evidence from the US biotechnology industry","volume":"30","author":"Kolympiris","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bus. Venturing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1086\/491605","article-title":"Entrepreneurship","volume":"23","author":"Lazear","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Labor Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1093\/rfs\/hht024","article-title":"With a little help from my (random) friends: success and failure in post-business school entrepreneurship","volume":"26","author":"Lerner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Financial Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1108\/09555340710818969","article-title":"Technology-based entrepreneurship and regional development: the case of Sweden","volume":"19","author":"Lindholm Dahlstrand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1068\/a3714","article-title":"Spatial proximity effects and regional equity gaps in the venture capital market: evidence from Germany and the United Kingdom","volume":"37","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Plann. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2014.07.002","article-title":"Embedded entrepreneurship in the creative re-construction of place","volume":"30","author":"McKeever","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bus. Venturing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2004.10.002","article-title":"Entrepreneurship and network externalities","volume":"57","author":"Minniti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Econ. Behav. Organiz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1068\/a44268","article-title":"Formal venture capital acquisition: can entrepreneurs compensate for the spatial proximity benefits of South East England andstar'golden-triangle universities?","volume":"44","author":"Mueller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ.d Plann. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0395","first-page":"1","article-title":"The short-and long-term career effects of graduating in a recession","volume":"4","author":"Oreopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. Econ. J.: Appl. Econ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2008.07.013","article-title":"Why do small firms produce the entrepreneurs?","volume":"38","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Socio-Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/1476127008090007","article-title":"Who enters, where and why? The influence of capabilities and initial resource endowments on the location choices of de novo enterprises","volume":"6","author":"Pe'er","year":"2006","journal-title":"Strategic Organiz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2307\/2392549","article-title":"Organizational birth frequencies: an empirical investigation","volume":"27","author":"Pennings","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2012.09.007","article-title":"Academic engagement and commercialisation: a review of the literature on university\u2013industry relations","volume":"42","author":"Perkmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0420","series-title":"Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research","first-page":"519","article-title":"The geography of entrepreneurship","author":"Plummer","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0425","series-title":"New Firm Creation in the United States: Initial Explorations with the PSED II Data Set","author":"Reynolds","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtm023","article-title":"University entrepreneurship: a taxonomy of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Rothaermel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind. Corp. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0435","series-title":"The Entrepreneurial Group","author":"Ruef","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-558X(06)25003-1","article-title":"Closure and exposure: mechanisms in the intergenerational transmission of self-employment","volume":"25","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. Sociol. Organiz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0445","series-title":"The New Argonauts: Regional Advantage in a Global Economy","author":"Saxenian","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0450","first-page":"217","article-title":"The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research","volume":"25","author":"Shane","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad. Manage. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.12116","article-title":"Academic entrepreneurship: time for a Rethink?","volume":"6","author":"Siegel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0460","series-title":"Chicago Handbook of University Technology Transfer and Academic Entrepreneurship","first-page":"1","article-title":"University technology transfer offices, licensing, and start-ups","author":"Siegel","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2006.09.022","article-title":"Measuring the performance of Oxford University, Oxford Brookes University and the government laboratories\u2019 spin-off companies","volume":"35","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0470","series-title":"Handbook of Organizations","first-page":"142","article-title":"Social structure and organizations","author":"Stinchcombe","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1086\/502691","article-title":"When do scientists become entrepreneurs? The social structural antecedents of commercial activity in the academic life sciences","volume":"112","author":"Stuart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(02)00098-7","article-title":"The geography of opportunity: spatial heterogeneity in founding rates and the performance of biotechnology firms","volume":"32","author":"Stuart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-012-9443-y","article-title":"The higher returns to formal education for entrepreneurs versus employees","volume":"40","author":"Van Praag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.05.014","article-title":"The effectiveness of university knowledge spillovers: performance differences between university spinoffs and corporate spinoffs","volume":"40","author":"Wennberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2013.865836","article-title":"Start-ups and local entrepreneurial social capital in the municipalities of Sweden","volume":"48","author":"Westlund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1177\/0309132506070169","article-title":"Lost in translation: international migration: learning and knowledge","volume":"3","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Hum. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.04.021","article-title":"Mid-range universities\u2019 linkages with industry: knowledge types and the role of intermediaries","volume":"37","author":"Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2012.01.001","article-title":"Out of sight but not out of mind: why failure to account for left truncation biases research on failure rates","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bus. Venturing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1108\/14626000810871691","article-title":"Creativity in entrepreneurship education","volume":"15","author":"Yar Hamidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Enterp. Dev."}],"container-title":["Research Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048733317301166?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048733317301166?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T22:51:31Z","timestamp":1655592691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048733317301166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0048733317301166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-7333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-7333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Location choices of graduate entrepreneurs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research Policy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol.2017.07.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}