{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:36:25Z","timestamp":1791549385340,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51872332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51872332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Regenerative Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T23:36:07Z","timestamp":1612568167000},"page":"63-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Applications of 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds in the stem cell field"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2208-9750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2013.11.017","article-title":"Bone tissue engineering using 3D printing","volume":"16","author":"Bose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater Today"},{"issue":"1680","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140375","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0375","article-title":"Progressing a human embryonic stem-cell-based regenerative medicine therapy towards the clinic","volume":"370","author":"Whiting","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.17-0129","article-title":"Concise review: multifaceted characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells for use in regenerative medicine","volume":"6","author":"Samsonraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080886","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.024","article-title":"Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors","volume":"126","author":"Takahashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.03.040","article-title":"A modular differentiation system maps multiple human kidney lineages from pluripotent stem cells","volume":"31","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2020.1767579","article-title":"Pluripotent stem cells for neurodegenerative disease modeling: an expert view on their value to drug discovery","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expet Opin Drug Discov"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030694","article-title":"Use of 3D organoids as a model to study idiopathic form of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Chlebanowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.09.014","article-title":"Pluripotent stem cell-based cell therapy-promise and challenges","volume":"27","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500168","article-title":"3D printing of scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications","volume":"4","author":"Do","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15653","DOI":"10.1021\/am502977z","article-title":"Monolithic space-filling porous materials from engineering plastics by thermally induced phase separation","volume":"6","author":"Elhaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1021\/bm0605311","article-title":"Processing and characterization of porous structures from chitosan and starch for tissue engineering scaffolds","volume":"7","author":"Nakamatsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25002","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aaa15b","article-title":"Direct three-dimensional printing of polymeric scaffolds with nanofibrous topography","volume":"10","author":"Prasopthum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.014","article-title":"Highly porous PHB-based bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering by in situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite","volume":"100","author":"Degli Esposti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887112666170821165206","article-title":"Customized titanium mesh based on the 3D printed model vs. Manual intraoperative bending of titanium mesh for reconstructing of orbital bone fracture: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Raisian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Recent Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib16","article-title":"Comparison of material properties and biofilm formation in interim single crowns obtained by 3D printing and conventional methods","author":"Simoneti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.26480","article-title":"Effects of scaffold microstructure and low intensity pulsed ultrasound on chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"115","author":"Aliabouzar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S152105","article-title":"Nano-biphasic calcium phosphate\/polyvinyl alcohol composites with enhanced bioactivity for bone repair via low-temperature three-dimensional printing and loading with platelet-rich fibrin","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2015.07.009","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing and medical imaging: a review of the methods and applications","volume":"45","author":"Marro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib20","first-page":"278","article-title":"3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"3","author":"Turnbull","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-01-2013-0012","article-title":"A\u00a0review of melt extrusion additive manufacturing processes: I. Process design and modeling","volume":"20","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rapid Prototyping Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s40436-014-0097-7","article-title":"Optimization of fused deposition modeling process parameters: a review of current research and future prospects","volume":"3","author":"Mohamed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Manuf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36289","article-title":"Characterization of printed PLA scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"106","author":"Gremare","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00552","article-title":"Polymer-bioactive glass composite filaments for 3D scaffold manufacturing by fused deposition modeling: fabrication and characterization","volume":"8","author":"Distler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4805","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA10275B","article-title":"Study on antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of EPL coated 3D printed PCL\/HA composite scaffolds","volume":"10","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2399-7532\/ab201f","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of composite structures for the restoration of bone tissue","volume":"2","author":"Geven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multifunctional Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1108\/13552540410512525","article-title":"Precision extruding deposition and characterization of cellular poly-\u03b5-caprolactone tissue scaffolds","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rapid Prototyp J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib28","series-title":"Fused deposition of ceramics- A comprehensive experimental, analytical and computational study of material behavior, fabrication process and equipment design","author":"Bellini","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34109","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5082\/3\/3\/034109","article-title":"Fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds using precision extrusion deposition with an assisted cooling device","volume":"3","author":"Hamid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12159","article-title":"Analysis of polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated via precision extrusion deposition for control of craniofacial tissue mineralization","volume":"20","author":"Fedore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25002","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5082\/2\/2\/025002","article-title":"Fabricating a pearl\/PLGA composite scaffold by the low-temperature deposition manufacturing technique for bone tissue engineering","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/1439-2054(20001001)282:1<17::AID-MAME17>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Desktop manufacturing of complex objects, prototypes and biomedical scaffolds by means of computer-assisted design combined with computer-guided 3D plotting of polymers and reactive oligomers","volume":"282","author":"Landers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Macromol Mater Eng"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.04.050","article-title":"A review of trends and limitations in hydrogel-rapid prototyping for tissue engineering","volume":"33","author":"Billiet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2014.0006","article-title":"Bioplotting alginate\/hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffolds with structural integrity and preserved schwann cell viability","volume":"1","author":"Rajaram","year":"2014","journal-title":"3D Print Addit Manuf"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35020","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/8\/3\/035020","article-title":"Effect of bioink properties on printability and cell viability for 3D bioplotting of embryonic stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Ouyang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.03.006","article-title":"Surface-enrichment with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in stereolithography-fabricated composite polymer scaffolds promotes bone repair","volume":"54","author":"Guillaume","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36490","article-title":"Multifunctional effects of a modification of SLA titanium implant surface with strontium-containing nanostructures on immunoinflammatory and osteogenic cell function","volume":"106","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110844","article-title":"Integrating cold atmospheric plasma with 3D printed bioactive nanocomposite scaffold for cartilage regeneration","volume":"111","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1007-0214(09)70059-8","article-title":"Rapid prototyping and manufacturing technology: principle, representative technics, applications, and development trends","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ab1dee","article-title":"Selective laser melting of Ti alloys and hydroxyapatite for tissue engineering: progress and challenges","volume":"6","author":"Jaber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Res Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328216638636","article-title":"Improving PEEK bioactivity for craniofacial reconstruction using a 3D printed scaffold embedded with mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"31","author":"Roskies","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomater Appl"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM411","article-title":"Indirect selective laser sintering of apatite-wollostonite glass-ceramic","volume":"222","author":"Xiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng H"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1243\/095441105X69051","article-title":"Indirect selective laser sintering of an apatite-mullite glass-ceramic for potential use in bone replacement applications","volume":"220","author":"Goodridge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng H"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25032","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ab78ed","article-title":"Indirect selective laser sintering-printed microporous biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold promotes endogenous bone regeneration via activation of ERK1\/2 signaling","volume":"12","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25004","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5082\/3\/2\/025004","article-title":"Fabrication of 13-93 bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering using indirect selective laser sintering","volume":"3","author":"Kolan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4935926","article-title":"Review of selective laser melting: materials and applications","volume":"2","author":"Yap","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Phys Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12030650","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of color photocurable resins for full-color material jetting additive manufacturing","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.04.026","article-title":"Water-based 3D inkjet printing of an oral pharmaceutical dosage form","volume":"564","author":"Cader","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.04.011","article-title":"Microstructural evolution and resulting properties of differently sintered and heat-treated binder-jet 3D-printed Stellite 6","volume":"102","author":"Mostafaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13214714","article-title":"Bio-Inspired toughening of composites in 3D-printing","volume":"13","author":"Stogerer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34417","article-title":"Taguchi\u2019s methods to optimize the properties and bioactivity of 3D printed polycaprolactone\/mineral trioxide aggregate scaffold: theoretical predictions and experimental validation","volume":"108","author":"Bhargav","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.v5i2.197","article-title":"The mussel-inspired assisted apatite mineralized on PolyJet material for artificial bone scaffold","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Bioprint"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900867","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201900867","article-title":"Osteochondral regeneration with 3D-printed biodegradable high-strength supramolecular polymer reinforced-gelatin hydrogel scaffolds","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib54","article-title":"Direct 3D printed biomimetic scaffolds based on hydrogel microparticles for cell spheroid growth","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bprint.2019.e00066","article-title":"3D printing multiphasic osteochondral tissue constructs with nano to micro features via PCL based bioink","volume":"17","author":"Nowicki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioprinting"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1557\/adv.2020.117","article-title":"Indirect versus direct 3D printing of hydrogel scaffolds for adipose tissue regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Van Damme","year":"2020","journal-title":"MRS Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib57","series-title":"Essentials of 3D biofabrication and translation","first-page":"153","article-title":"Indirect rapid prototyping for tissue engineering","author":"De Maria","year":"2015"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-015-5566-4","article-title":"Indirect additive manufacturing as an elegant tool for the production of self-supporting low density gelatin scaffolds","volume":"26","author":"Van Hoorick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.04.067","article-title":"Fabrication of hierarchically porous silk fibroin-bioactive glass composite scaffold via indirect 3D printing: effect of particle size on physico-mechanical properties and in vitro cellular behavior","volume":"103","author":"Bidgoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2016.05.002","article-title":"Computed tomographic evaluation of novel custom-made artificial bones, \u201cCT-bone\u201d, applied for maxillofacial reconstruction","volume":"5","author":"Kanno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regen Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1805","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of archived human fetal material for teaching purposes","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib62","first-page":"1","article-title":"The reproduction of human pathology specimens using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for teaching purposes","author":"McMenamin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-018-0301-9","article-title":"3D printing for preoperative planning and surgical training: a review","volume":"20","author":"Ganguli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Microdevices"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54148-4","article-title":"Craniosynostosis surgery: workflow based on virtual surgical planning, intraoperative navigation and 3D printed patient-specific guides and templates","volume":"9","author":"Garcia-Mato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/mi10070480","article-title":"The applications of 3D printing for craniofacial tissue engineering","volume":"10","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111056","article-title":"Patient specific implants for jawbone reconstruction after tumor resection","volume":"193","author":"Major","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.01.127","article-title":"Co-culture cell-derived extracellular matrix loaded electrospun microfibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"99","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6615","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S217245","article-title":"Novel chitosan\/agarose\/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications: comprehensive evaluation of biocompatibility and osteoinductivity with the use of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"14","author":"Kazimierczak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34580","article-title":"In vivo degradation rate of alginate-chitosan hydrogels influences tissue repair following physeal injury","volume":"108","author":"Erickson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-019-6257-3","article-title":"Biomimetic poly(glycerol sebacate)\/polycaprolactone blend scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5825","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S259678","article-title":"3D-HA scaffold functionalized by extracellular matrix of stem cells promotes bone repair","volume":"15","author":"Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116914","article-title":"Bone-derived dECM\/alginate bioink for fabricating a 3D cell-laden mesh structure for bone tissue engineering","volume":"250","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093401","article-title":"Fabrication of mechanically reinforced gelatin\/hydroxyapatite bio-composite scaffolds by core\/shell nozzle printing for bone tissue engineering","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9595","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b04723","article-title":"Hierarchically porous hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold incorporated with reduced graphene oxide for rapid bone ingrowth and repair","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ab4166","article-title":"3D printing of layered mesoporous bioactive glass:sodium alginate-sodium alginate scaffolds with controllable dual-drug release behaviors","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12203419","article-title":"Human stem cell responses and surface characteristics of 3D printing Co-Cr dental material","volume":"12","author":"Ganbold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/gels6010010","article-title":"Bioprinted three-dimensional cell-laden Hydrogels to evaluate adipocyte-breast cancer cell interactions","volume":"6","author":"Chaji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010052","article-title":"Development of a three-dimensional bioengineered platform for articular cartilage regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Rubi-Sans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2015-103347","article-title":"3D bioprint me: a socioethical view of bioprinting human organs and tissues","volume":"43","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18896","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b01472","article-title":"3D printed scaffolds with controlled micro-\/nano-porous surface topography direct chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Prasopthum","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00594-6","article-title":"Preparation of antibacterial and osteoconductive 3D-printed PLGA\/Cu(I)@ZIF-8 nanocomposite scaffolds for infected bone repair","volume":"18","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00824","article-title":"3D printing of cytocompatible graphene\/alginate scaffolds for mimetic tissue constructs","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23275","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR07643C","article-title":"Graphene oxide\/alginate composites as novel bioinks for three-dimensional mesenchymal stem cell printing and bone regeneration applications","volume":"11","author":"Choe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110128","article-title":"Collagen-infilled 3D printed scaffolds loaded with miR-148b-transfected bone marrow stem cells improve calvarial bone regeneration in rats","volume":"105","author":"Moncal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1039\/C8BM01269E","article-title":"Polyester-based ink platform with tunable bioactivity for 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds","volume":"7","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.03.002","article-title":"3D printing of concentrated alginate\/gelatin scaffolds with homogeneous nano apatite coating for bone tissue engineering","volume":"146","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24101","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aa9b4e","article-title":"A dentin-derived hydrogel bioink for 3D bioprinting of cell laden scaffolds for regenerative dentistry","volume":"10","author":"Athirasala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14251","article-title":"Improvement of osseointegration by recruiting stem cells to titanium implants fabricated with 3D printing","volume":"1463","author":"Bollman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.04.004","article-title":"Enhancing cell seeding and osteogenesis of MSCs on 3D printed scaffolds through injectable BMP2 immobilized ECM-Mimetic gel","volume":"35","author":"Fahimipour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7421","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.8b05537","article-title":"Development of gelatin and graphene-based nerve regeneration conduits using three-dimensional (3D) printing strategies for electrical transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"58","author":"Uz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"}],"container-title":["Regenerative Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352320421000079?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352320421000079?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T17:36:51Z","timestamp":1762450611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352320421000079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S2352320421000079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-3204"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-3204","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Applications of 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds in the stem cell field","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Regenerative Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reth.2021.01.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}