{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:13:27Z","timestamp":1790144007192,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,28]],"date-time":"2015-11-28T18:00:23Z","timestamp":1448733623000},"page":"327-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pneumocystose chez les patients immunod\u00e9prim\u00e9s non infect\u00e9s par le VIH"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Fill\u00e2tre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Revest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Belaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Robert-Gangneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-R.","family":"Zahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Roblot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3617-5411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Tattevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032588","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"350","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.880","article-title":"Evolving health effects of Pneumocystis: one hundred years of progress in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"301","author":"Kovacs","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001183220304","article-title":"The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group","volume":"322","author":"Phair","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212243272603","article-title":"A controlled trial of aerosolized pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Dutch AIDS Treatment Group","volume":"327","author":"Schneider","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503163321101","article-title":"A randomized trial of three antipneumocystis agents in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group","volume":"332","author":"Bozzette","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0475","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Pentamidine aerosol versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis carinii in acquired immune deficiency syndrome","volume":"151","author":"Montgomery","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305273282103","article-title":"Comparison of atovaquone (566C80) with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS","volume":"328","author":"Hughes","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011223232103","article-title":"Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"323","author":"Gagnon","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011223232104","article-title":"A controlled trial of early adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. California Collaborative Treatment Group","volume":"323","author":"Bozzette","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-5_Part_2-200209031-00002","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons \u2013 2002. Recommendations of the US Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"137","author":"Masur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2008-740ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients","volume":"183","author":"Limper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0758-5","article-title":"Analysis of underlying diseases and prognosis factors associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised HIV-negative patients","volume":"21","author":"Roblot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480060078034","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients without AIDS at a cancer hospital","volume":"267","author":"Sepkowitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4065\/71.1.5","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy","volume":"71","author":"Yale","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S416","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.Supplement_2.S416","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without AIDS","volume":"17","author":"Sepkowitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.01.007","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in connective tissue diseases: comparison with other immunocompromised patients","volume":"45","author":"Teichtahl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.4065\/82.9.1052","article-title":"Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised non-HIV-infected patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"82","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.07.010","article-title":"Incidence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia among groups at risk in HIV-negative patients","volume":"127","author":"Fillatre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0540","first-page":"170","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following corticosteroid therapy for giant cell arteritis","volume":"90","author":"Crayton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Wis Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20435","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in giant cell arteritis: a case series","volume":"63","author":"Kermani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1730-7","article-title":"Human herpes virus co-infection is associated with mortality in HIV-negative patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia","volume":"32","author":"Fillatre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0761-8425(04)71582-X","article-title":"Opportunistic infections and sarcoidosis","volume":"21","author":"Girard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9088","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009088","article-title":"Significant CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphopenia in peripheral blood of sarcoidosis patients correlates with severe disease manifestations","volume":"5","author":"Sweiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0565","first-page":"246","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the course of connective tissue disease: report of 34 cases","volume":"21","author":"Godeau","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<780::AID-ANR23>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases: the role of hospital experience in diagnosis and mortality","volume":"42","author":"Ward","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes244","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii infection: an emerging threat to patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"51","author":"Mori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra040226","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"350","author":"O\u2019Dell","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e3182802a9b","article-title":"Increased risk of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia among patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Long","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f562","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in inflammatory bowel disease: when should prophylaxis be considered?","volume":"19","author":"Okafor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1698-0","volume":"92","author":"Neumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12599","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for diagnosis, prophylaxis and management of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological and solid malignancies, 2014","volume":"44","author":"Cooley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0605","first-page":"795","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"151","author":"Ognibene","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2011.07.006","article-title":"Risk factors for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"12","author":"Obeid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199608150-00022","article-title":"Incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after renal transplantation. Impact of immunosuppression","volume":"62","author":"Lufft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0477","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients treated with rituximab","volume":"144","author":"Martin-Garrido","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24283","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab: a retrospective review and case-control study of 21 patients","volume":"61","author":"Komano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-014-0445-4","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy: implications for chemoprophylaxis","volume":"16","author":"Grubbs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2293-4","article-title":"Should Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis be recommended with rituximab treatment in ANCA-associated vasculitis?","volume":"32","author":"Besada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2217\/cns.14.24","article-title":"Incidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia after temozolomide for CNS malignancies without prophylaxis","volume":"3","author":"Neuwelt","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.712","article-title":"Peripheral blood CD4+T-lymphocyte counts during Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients without HIV infection","volume":"118","author":"Mansharamani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540601150497","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-1-negative patients: a retrospective study 2002\u20132004","volume":"39","author":"Overgaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101943","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101943","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected and immunocompromised non-HIV-infected patients: a retrospective study of two centers in China","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-42","article-title":"Autoimmune inflammatory disorders, systemic corticosteroids and pneumocystis pneumonia: a strategy for prevention","volume":"4","author":"Sowden","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.770-782.2004","article-title":"Prevention of infection due to Pneumocystis spp. in human immunodeficiency virus-negative immunocompromised patients","volume":"17","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.6.655","article-title":"Treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a systematic review","volume":"298","author":"Bosch","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2013.08.003","article-title":"Rituximab: recommendations of the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) for induction and maintenance treatments of adult, antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated necrotizing vasculitides","volume":"42","author":"Charles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1841::AID-ANR21>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with Wegner's granulomatosis undergoing immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2013.11.009","article-title":"Infectious events during the course of systemic necrotizing vasculitis: a retrospective study of 82 cases","volume":"35","author":"Debouverie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14368-1","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"362","author":"Dalakas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2013.09.008","article-title":"Therapeutic strategy in inflammatory myopathies (polymyositis, dermatomyositis, overlap myositis, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy)","volume":"35","author":"Tournadre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21083","article-title":"Opportunistic infections in polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"53","author":"Marie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(03)00038-0","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies: a descriptive study","volume":"47","author":"Roblot","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02914.x","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0715","first-page":"S1","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients","volume":"9","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Transplant Work Group","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1086\/321805","article-title":"Summary of the guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"33","author":"Dykewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.212","article-title":"Post-transplant Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia \u2013 a re-emerged public health problem?","volume":"84","author":"Chapman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00739.x","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia in hospitalized patients: a detailed examination of symptoms, management, and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected persons","volume":"14","author":"McKinnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1086\/520433","article-title":"A randomized trial of daily and thrice-weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA)","volume":"29","author":"El-Sadr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0740","first-page":"CD005590","article-title":"Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients","volume":"10","author":"Stern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890400065009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of desensitization with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in 48 previously hypersensitive patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"133","author":"Caumes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-4-512","article-title":"Desensitization for sulfasalazine skin rash","volume":"100","author":"Purdy","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1086\/313509","article-title":"High rates of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in allogeneic blood and marrow transplant recipients receiving dapsone prophylaxis","volume":"29","author":"Souza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812243392604","article-title":"Atovaquone compared with dapsone for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who cannot tolerate trimethoprim, sulfonamides, or both. Community Program for Clinical Research on AIDS and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group","volume":"339","author":"El-Sadr","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1086\/314893","article-title":"Atovaquone suspension compared with aerosolized pentamidine for prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects intolerant of trimethoprim or sulfonamides","volume":"180","author":"Chan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0223","article-title":"Clinical picture of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in cancer patients","volume":"132","author":"Boll\u00e9e","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.024","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes in non-HIV-infected individuals","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1086\/313534","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative immunocompromised patients","volume":"29","author":"N\u00fcesch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W555","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7329","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings in patients with and without HIV infection","volume":"198","author":"Kanne","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2009.131668","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with or without AIDS, France","volume":"20","author":"Roux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430220094010","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without AIDS, 1980 through 1993. An analysis of 78 cases","volume":"155","author":"Arend","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1086\/342338","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in critically ill patients with malignancy: a descriptive study","volume":"35","author":"Zahar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.2.573","article-title":"Acute respiratory failure due to pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection: outcome and associated features","volume":"128","author":"Festic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12654","article-title":"Muted, but not mute","volume":"14","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45528-0","article-title":"Comparison between real-time PCR, conventional PCR and different staining techniques for diagnosing Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens","volume":"53","author":"Flori","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0820","first-page":"1922","article-title":"Diagnostic of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a non-HIV patient","volume":"6","author":"Tapparel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Med Suisse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.3.728-730.1996","article-title":"Immunodetection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens compared with methenamine silver stain","volume":"34","author":"Lautenschlager","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.10.2228-2233.1990","article-title":"Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii using a direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody stain","volume":"28","author":"Ng","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2001.00309.x","article-title":"Clinical significance of nested polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence for detection of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"7","author":"Olsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.598878","article-title":"Comparison of the FXG\u2122: RESP (Asp+) real-time PCR assay with direct immunofluorescence and calcofluor white staining for the detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in respiratory specimens","volume":"50","author":"Seah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00095811","article-title":"Quantitative PCR to diagnose Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised non-HIV patients","volume":"39","author":"M\u00fchlethaler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3370","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01480-14","article-title":"Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients by real-time PCR: a 4-year prospective study","volume":"52","author":"Robert-Gangneux","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq314","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases: prevalence, risk factors of colonization and outcome","volume":"50","author":"Mekinian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1086\/313478","article-title":"Pulmonary colonization with Pneumocystis carinii in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: assessing risk with blood CD4+ T cell counts","volume":"29","author":"Nevez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2174\/1574886311308020004","article-title":"A comparison of adverse drug reactions between high- and standard-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the ambulatory setting","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2014.01.007","article-title":"Update on pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in non-HIV patients","volume":"44","author":"Roux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Mal Inf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1215","article-title":"Use of adjunctive corticosteroids in severe adult non-HIV Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"113","author":"Pareja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00669-11","article-title":"Outcomes of moderate-to-severe Pneumocystis pneumonia treated with adjunctive steroid in non-HIV-infected patients","volume":"55","author":"Moon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1086\/598651","article-title":"Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: retrospective study of 31 patients","volume":"29","author":"Delclaux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-87","article-title":"Adjunctive steroid in HIV-negative patients with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"14","author":"Lemiale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Res"}],"container-title":["La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne"],"original-title":[],"language":"fr","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0248866315006748?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0248866315006748?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:36:35Z","timestamp":1759336595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0248866315006748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0248866315006748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0248-8663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0248-8663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pneumocystose chez les patients immunod\u00e9prim\u00e9s non infect\u00e9s par le VIH","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.10.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2015 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale Fran\u00e7aise de M\u00e9decine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}