{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:32:58Z","timestamp":1774438378620,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T09:09:02Z","timestamp":1604653742000},"page":"177-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Complications neurologiques de l\u2019infection par le virus JC\u00a0: revue g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7566-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Moulignier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lecler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70226-9","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-1\u00a0infection","volume":"9","author":"Cinque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0430","first-page":"93","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy; a hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease","volume":"81","author":"Astrom","year":"1958","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63849-6.00010-4","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"152","author":"Zhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31105-8","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"2","author":"Brooks","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198212023072307","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a male homosexual with T-cell immune deficiency","volume":"307","author":"Miller","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2017.03.002","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and rheumatoid arthritis treatments","volume":"84","author":"Clavel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2670","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy incidence and risk stratification among natalizumab users in France","volume":"77","author":"Vukusic","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2016.09.009","article-title":"The risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the biologic era: prevention and management","volume":"43","author":"Molloy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.187666","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in individuals with minimal or occult immunosuppression","volume":"81","author":"Gheuens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e498","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004926","article-title":"The national incidence of PML in Sweden, 1988\u20132013","volume":"90","author":"Iacobaeus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz024","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz024","article-title":"The incidence and predisposing factors of John Cunningham virus-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in Southern Finland: a population-based study","volume":"6","author":"Kartau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1941-6","article-title":"Continued declining incidence and improved survival of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV\/AIDS patients in the current era","volume":"33","author":"Casado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-011-0020-y","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an HIV patient receiving successful long-term HAART","volume":"17","author":"Mascarello","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30040-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and risks associated with treatments for multiple sclerosis: a decade of lessons learned","volume":"17","author":"Major","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12475","article-title":"Anti-JC virus seroprevalence in a Finnish MS cohort","volume":"133","author":"Kolasa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2018001","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2018001","article-title":"Systematic review of the published data on the worldwide prevalence of John Cunningham virus in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica","volume":"40","author":"Paz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0510","first-page":"12","article-title":"Stability and predictive value of anti-JCV antibody index in multiple sclerosis: a 6-year longitudinal study","author":"Hegen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12988","article-title":"High cumulative JC virus seroconversion rate during long-term use of natalizumab","volume":"23","author":"Vennegoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000233918.21986.9c","article-title":"Characteristics and antecedents of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an insured population","volume":"67","author":"Eng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-09167-y","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in Finland: a cross-sectional registry study","volume":"266","author":"Sipil\u00e4","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201638","article-title":"Incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a national population-based study","volume":"71","author":"Arkema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy074","article-title":"Risk of Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the combination antiretroviral therapy era in the French hospital database on human immunodeficiency virus (ANRS-C4)","volume":"67","author":"Melliez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f73600","article-title":"Incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients without HIV","volume":"75","author":"Amend","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0098","article-title":"Inclusion of rituximab in treatment protocols for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"15","author":"Tuccori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22408","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in transplant recipients","volume":"70","author":"Mateen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2016.1198775","article-title":"Detection of cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with new biologicals and targeted cancer therapies from the FDA's adverse event reporting system","volume":"15","author":"Raisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1815","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005529","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fingolimod treatment","volume":"90","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2077","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2077","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and anti-CD20\u00a0monoclonal antibodies: what do we know after 20\u00a0years of rituximab","author":"Focosi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315622819","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review","volume":"25","author":"Henegar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24966","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a national estimate of frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases","volume":"60","author":"Molloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-018-0615-7","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rituximab-treated rheumatic diseases: a rare event","volume":"24","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4834","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-186999","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after rituximab therapy in HIV-negative patients: a report of 57\u00a0cases from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports project","volume":"113","author":"Carson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00577","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome unmasking or worsening AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Fournier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2016-0345","article-title":"The biology of JC polyomavirus","volume":"398","author":"Assetta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21443","article-title":"Detection of JC virus DNA fragments but not proteins in normal brain tissue","volume":"64","author":"Perez-Liz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-101416-041439","article-title":"Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalopathy: endemic viruses and lethal brain disease","volume":"4","author":"Haley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2016.1189873","article-title":"45\u00a0years after the discovery of human polyomaviruses BK and JC: time to speed up the understanding of associated diseases and treatment approaches","volume":"43","author":"Barth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0615","article-title":"Sirolimus and other mTOR inhibitors directly activate latent pathogenic human polyomavirus replication","author":"Alvarez Orellana","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a43e6d","article-title":"In situ evidence of JC virus control by CD8+ T cells in PML-IRIS during HIV infection","volume":"81","author":"Martin-Blondel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh215","article-title":"A prospective study demonstrates an association between JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the early control of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"127","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306ra151","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab1720","article-title":"JC polyomavirus mutants escape antibody-mediated neutralization","volume":"7","author":"Ray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-018-0578-8","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in primary immunodeficiencies","volume":"39","author":"Hadjadj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0640","first-page":"e00105","article-title":"Susceptibility of primary human choroid plexus epithelial cells and meningeal cells to infection by JC virus","volume":"92","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2018","journal-title":"JVirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-009-9174-2","article-title":"CNS inflammation and macrophage\/microglial biology associated with HIV-1\u00a0infection","volume":"4","author":"Yadav","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0650","first-page":"10","article-title":"Severe progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and spontaneous immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in an immunocompetent patient","author":"Krey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.5.1030-a","article-title":"Balint's syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Moulignier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80106-5","article-title":"AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revealed by new-onset seizures","volume":"99","author":"Moulignier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20431","article-title":"JC virus granule cell neuronopathy: a novel clinical syndrome distinct from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"57","author":"Koralnik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0670","first-page":"06","article-title":"HIV-associated JC virus-granule-cell neuronopathy (JCV-GCN) with the hot-cross-bun sign","author":"Moulignier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J AIDS Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-003-3078-5","article-title":"BKV-DNA and JCV-DNA in CSF of patients with suspected meningitis or encephalitis","volume":"31","author":"Behzad-Behbahani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21619","article-title":"Fulminant JC virus encephalopathy with productive infection of cortical pyramidal neurons","volume":"65","author":"W\u00fcthrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280500511741","article-title":"Central nervous system immune reconstitution disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.167","article-title":"Sorting out the risks in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"11","author":"Calabrese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0695","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of brain MRI in pharmacovigilance of natalizumab-treated MS patients","author":"Wattjes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098612453849","article-title":"Treatment-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: current understanding and future steps","volume":"3","author":"Zaheer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.03.005","article-title":"Re-evaluating the incidence of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"Borchardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30282-X","article-title":"Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of data from four clinical studies","volume":"16","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2232","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007451","article-title":"Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in Germany","volume":"92","author":"Blankenbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.05.033","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with efalizumab use in psoriasis patients","volume":"65","author":"Kothary","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00555","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.555","article-title":"Rituximab utilization for approved and off-label nononcology indications and patients\u2019 experiences with the Patient Alert Card","volume":"8","author":"Sarsour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1073274817729901","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and monoclonal antibodies: a review","volume":"24","author":"Bohra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0735","first-page":"1","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after CAR T therapy","author":"Sdrimas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fa1","article-title":"PML diagnostic criteria: consensus statement from the AAN Neuroinfectious Disease Section","volume":"80","author":"Berger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.06.018","article-title":"Common and uncommon imaging findings in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with differential diagnostic considerations","volume":"114","author":"Horger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195388","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and survival of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: data from the Italian Registry Investigative Neuro AIDS (IRINA)","volume":"9","author":"Antinori","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.03.009","article-title":"Multiplex qPCR assay for ultra sensitive detection of JCV DNA with simultaneous identification of genotypes that discriminates non-virulent from virulent variants","volume":"57","author":"Ryschkewitsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-017-0549-5","article-title":"Detectable cerebrospinal fluid JCV DNA in late-presenting HIV-positive patients: beyond progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?","volume":"23","author":"Mornese Pinna","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20967","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020967","article-title":"Improved survival of HIV-1-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy receiving early 5-drug combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"6","author":"Gasnault","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1086\/595299","article-title":"Incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"199","author":"Engsig","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.5.826","article-title":"Prolonged survival of a patient with AIDS and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"18","author":"Lortholary","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0289-8","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy therapy","volume":"21","author":"Clifford","year":"2015","journal-title":"J NeuroVirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1815039","article-title":"Pembrolizumab treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"380","author":"Cortese","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801540","article-title":"Allogeneic BK virus-specific t cells for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"379","author":"Muftuoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830a5043","article-title":"Cidofovir in addition to antiretroviral treatment is not effective for AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a multicohort analysis","volume":"22","author":"De Luca","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317203","article-title":"Do CCR5\u00a0antagonists improve the overall survival of patients with AIDS-related progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy?","volume":"89","author":"Januel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805073381903","article-title":"Failure of cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"338","author":"Hall","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-016-0433-8","article-title":"Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with mirtazapine","volume":"36","author":"Jamilloux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Drug Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1904140","article-title":"Can immune checkpoint inhibitors keep JC virus in check?","volume":"380","author":"Koralnik","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2408.180460","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with nivolumab","volume":"24","author":"Martinot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2020.106309","article-title":"Complete recovery of late onset progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy related to treatment with chemoimmunotherapy: a case report","volume":"90","author":"Godbole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0830","first-page":"174720","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2015","author":"Etemadifar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900866","article-title":"Eculizumab in aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"381","author":"Pittock","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e618","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000618","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a 25-year retrospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Anand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"}],"container-title":["La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne"],"original-title":[],"language":"fr","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0248866320303726?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0248866320303726?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:43:29Z","timestamp":1759337009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0248866320303726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0248866320303726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0248-8663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0248-8663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Complications neurologiques de l\u2019infection par le virus JC\u00a0: revue g\u00e9n\u00e9rale","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.08.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale Fran\u00e7aise de M\u00e9decine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}