{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:15:33Z","timestamp":1788264933855,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:33:42Z","timestamp":1788262422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lupus n\u00e9onatal et bloc atrioventriculaire cong\u00e9nital"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire","family":"Martin de Fr\u00e9mont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Le Guern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Guettrot-Imbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Driessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Brouzes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Bessi\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Maltret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Costedoat-Chalumeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.29","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of autoimmune congenital heart block","volume":"11","author":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20554","article-title":"Outcome of pregnancies in patients with anti-SSA\/Ro antibodies: a study of 165\u00a0pregnancies, with special focus on electrocardiographic variations in the children and comparison with a control group","volume":"50","author":"Costedoat-Chalumeau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.08.005","article-title":"Description of 214\u00a0cases of autoimmune congenital heart block: results of the French neonatal lupus syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Levesque","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.100","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and mortality of neonatal and late-onset dilated cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac neonatal lupus","volume":"248","author":"Morel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.033894","article-title":"Maternal and fetal factors associated with mortality and morbidity in a multi\u2013racial\/ethnic registry of anti-SSA\/Ro\u00a0\u2013\u00a0associated cardiac neonatal lupus","volume":"124","author":"Izmirly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/321359","article-title":"Serology of lupus erythematosus: correlation between immunopathological features and clinical aspects","volume":"2014","author":"Cozzani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2016.03.002","article-title":"Autoantibodies in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Fayyaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34380","article-title":"Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antinuclear antibodies in the United States","volume":"64","author":"Satoh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12785","article-title":"Outcome in 212\u00a0anti-Ro\/SSA\u00a0\u2013\u00a0positive pregnancies and population\u00a0\u2013\u00a0based incidence of congenital heart block","volume":"95","author":"Skog","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.201338","article-title":"Ethnicity and neonatal lupus erythematosus manifestations risk in a large multiethnic cohort","volume":"48","author":"Diaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20214","article-title":"Benefits of fetal echocardiographic surveillance in pregnancies at risk of congenital heart block: single-center study of 212\u00a0anti-Ro52-positive pregnancies","volume":"54","author":"Sonesson S-E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1832::AID-ART320>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Risk of congenital complete heart block in newborns of mothers with anti-Ro\/SSA antibodies detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis: a prospective study of 100\u00a0women","volume":"44","author":"Brucato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2235","article-title":"Predictors of pregnancy outcomes in patients with lupus: a cohort study","volume":"163","author":"Buyon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2)","key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"keag022","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keag022","article-title":"Prediction of fetal atrioventricular conduction using maternal disease, treatment, and anti-Ro\/La autoantibody levels","volume":"65","author":"Martin De Fr\u00e9mont","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.041970","article-title":"Isolated atrioventricular block in the fetus: a retrospective, multinational, multicenter study of 175\u00a0patients","volume":"124","author":"Eliasson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088054","article-title":"Disease progression in mothers of children enrolled in the Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus","volume":"68","author":"Rivera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.210703","article-title":"Health outcomes of 215\u00a0mothers of children with autoimmune congenital heart block: analysis of the French Neonatal Lupus Syndrome Registry","volume":"49","author":"Miniaoui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24768","article-title":"Recurrence rates of cardiac manifestations associated with neonatal lupus and maternal\/fetal risk factors","volume":"60","author":"Llanos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200207","article-title":"Development of heart block in children of SSA\/SSB-autoantibody-positive women is associated with maternal age and displays a season-of-birth pattern","volume":"71","author":"Ambrosi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.233","article-title":"Incidence and spectrum of neonatal lupus erythematosus: A prospective study of infants born to mothers with anti-Ro autoantibodies","volume":"142","author":"Cimaz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.109108","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of neonatal lupus without heart block: characteristics of mothers and children enrolled in a national registry","volume":"137","author":"Neiman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200103)44:3<647::AID-ANR113>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Long-term outcome of mothers of children with isolated heart block in Finland","volume":"44","author":"Julkunen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.12.013","article-title":"Comorbidities in parents of individuals with congenital heart block: a Swedish nationwide study","volume":"85","author":"Martin De Fr\u00e9mont","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501103120206","article-title":"Maternal connective tissue disease and congenital heart block: demonstration of immunoglobulin in cardiac tissue","volume":"312","author":"Litsey","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90918-1","article-title":"Cardiac immunoglobulin deposition in congenital heart block associated with maternal anti-Ro autoantibodies","volume":"83","author":"Lee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00331-X","article-title":"Substantiation of trophoblast transport of maternal anti-SSA\/Ro autoantibodies in fetuses with rapidly progressive cardiac injury: implications for neonatal Fc receptor blockade","volume":"7","author":"Buyon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102724","article-title":"Anti-Ro60\u00a0and anti-Ro52\/TRIM21: two distinct autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090585","article-title":"Loss of the lupus autoantigen Ro52\/Trim21\u00a0induces tissue inflammation and systemic autoimmunity by disregulating the IL-23-Th17\u00a0pathway","volume":"206","author":"Espinosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-004-0529-0","article-title":"The Ro 60kDa autoantigen: insights into cellular function and role in autoimmunity","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1317","article-title":"Autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus are clustered in two populations of surface structures on apoptotic keratinocytes","volume":"179","author":"Casciola-Rosen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.9.5061","article-title":"Accessibility of SSA\/Ro and SSB\/La antigens to maternal autoantibodies in apoptotic human fetal cardiac myocytes","volume":"161","author":"Miranda","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03331.x","article-title":"Different temporal expression of immunodominant Ro60\/60\u00a0kDa-SSA and La\/SSB apotopes","volume":"148","author":"Reed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7503","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0832411100","article-title":"A lupus-like syndrome develops in mice lacking the Ro 60-kDa protein, a major lupus autoantigen","volume":"100","author":"Xue","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.80.3.354","article-title":"Arrhythmogenicity of IgG and anti-52-kD SSA\/Ro affinity-purified antibodies from mothers of children with congenital heart block","volume":"80","author":"Boutjdir","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199807000-00002","article-title":"Serum and immunoglobulin G from the mother of a child with congenital heart block induce conduction abnormalities and inhibit L-type calcium channels in a rat heart model","volume":"44","author":"Boutjdir","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03732.x","article-title":"Antibodies to amino acid 200-239 (p200) of Ro52\u00a0as serological markers for the risk of developing congenital heart block","volume":"154","author":"Strandberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041859","article-title":"Ro\/SSA autoantibodies directly bind cardiomyocytes, disturb calcium homeostasis, and mediate congenital heart block","volume":"201","author":"Salomonsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200414","article-title":"Anti-Ro52\u00a0monoclonal antibodies specific for amino acid 200-239, but not other Ro52\u00a0epitopes, induce congenital heart block in a rat model","volume":"71","author":"Ambrosi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21704","article-title":"Umbilical cord blood levels of maternal antibodies reactive with p200\u00a0and full-length Ro 52\u00a0in the assessment of risk for cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus","volume":"64","author":"Reed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21289","article-title":"Maternal antibody responses to the 52-kd SSA\/RO p200\u00a0peptide and the development of fetal conduction defects","volume":"52","author":"Clancy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5345","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.5345","article-title":"Anti-SSA\/Ro and Anti-SSB\/La autoantibodies bind the surface of apoptotic fetal cardiocytes and promote secretion of TNF-\u03b1 by macrophages","volume":"165","author":"Miranda-Car\u00fas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.4.2156","article-title":"Transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts, a fetal factor in anti-SSA\/Ro-SSB\/La antibody-mediated congenital heart block","volume":"169","author":"Clancy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202849","article-title":"Ro60\u00a0requires Y3\u00a0RNA for cell surface exposure and inflammation associated with cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus","volume":"191","author":"Reed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e554","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(25)00092-X","article-title":"Maternal autoantibodies to the sodium potassium pump \u03b11\u00a0subunit AT1A1\u00a0and fetal autoimmune congenital heart block: a case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Benjamin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e523","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(25)00129-8","article-title":"One step closer to predicting autoimmune congenital heart block?","volume":"7","author":"Martin De Fr\u00e9mont","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210927","article-title":"High maternal expression of SIGLEC1\u00a0on monocytes as a surrogate marker of a type I interferon signature is a risk factor for the development of autoimmune congenital heart block","volume":"76","author":"Lisney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800357","article-title":"Siglec-1\u00a0macrophages and the contribution of IFN to the development of autoimmune congenital heart block","volume":"202","author":"Clancy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz257","article-title":"Cell atlas of the foetal human heart and implications for autoimmune-mediated congenital heart block","volume":"116","author":"Suryawanshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H631","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00256.2017","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblast transcriptome analyses support a role for interferogenic, profibrotic, and inflammatory genes in anti-SSA\/Ro-associated congenital heart block","volume":"313","author":"Clancy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216786","article-title":"Natural killer cells and type II interferon in Ro\/SSA and La\/SSB autoantibody-exposed newborns at risk of congenital heart block","volume":"80","author":"Ivanchenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl. 9","key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0765","article-title":"Olink proteomics identifies macrophage pro-inflammatory proteins in maternal sera predictive of fetal atrioventricular block independent of maternal health status [abstract]","volume":"77","author":"Carlucci","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27658","article-title":"Identification of candidate loci at 6p21\u00a0and 21q22\u00a0in a genome-wide association study of cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus","volume":"62","author":"Clancy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12179","article-title":"The HLA locus contains novel foetal susceptibility alleles for congenital heart block with significant paternal influence","volume":"275","author":"Meisgen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40228","article-title":"Brief report: association of natural killer cell ligand polymorphism HLA\u2013C Asn80Lys with the development of anti- SSA\/Ro\u2013associated congenital heart block","volume":"69","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-212953","article-title":"European families reveal MHC class I and II associations with autoimmune-mediated congenital heart block","volume":"77","author":"Kyriakidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221714","article-title":"Auxilin is a novel susceptibility gene for congenital heart block which directly impacts fetal heart function","volume":"81","author":"Meisgen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0795","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and antithyroglobulin and antithyroperoxidase antibodies in the pathogenesis of autoimmune associated congenital heart block","volume":"33","author":"Askanase","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0800","first-page":"167","article-title":"Increased risk of complete congenital heart block in infants born to women with hypothyroidism and anti-Ro and\/or anti-La antibodies","volume":"33","author":"Spence","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400223","article-title":"Monozygotic twins discordant for congenital complete heart block","volume":"40","author":"Cooley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14795-2","article-title":"Myocardial-tissue-specific phenotype of maternal microchimerism in neonatal lupus congenital heart block","volume":"362","author":"Stevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.109108","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of neonatal lupus without heart block: characteristics of mothers and children enrolled in a national registry","volume":"137","author":"Neiman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00161-2","article-title":"Autoimmune-associated congenital heart block: demographics, mortality, morbidity and recurrence rates obtained from a National Neonatal Lupus Registry","volume":"31","author":"Buyon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e588","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30281-2","article-title":"Mortality in congenital heart block","volume":"2","author":"Sonesson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e589","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30278-2","article-title":"Mortality in congenital heart block\u00a0\u2013\u00a0authors\u2019 reply","volume":"2","author":"Costedoat-Chalumeau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0835","first-page":"685","article-title":"Anti-SSA\/Ro positivity and congenital heart block: obstetric and foetal outcome in a cohort of anti-SSA\/Ro positive pregnant patients with and without autoimmune diseases","volume":"41","author":"Fredi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30028-X","article-title":"Surveillance of congenital heart block in highly specialised care","volume":"2","author":"Sonesson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14988","article-title":"Impact of early detection and steroid treatment on fetal ventricular heart rate and pacemaker implantation in anti-Ro\/SSA positive congenital heart block","volume":"103","author":"Sonesson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.735118","article-title":"Perinatal outcome of fetal atrioventricular block: one-hundred-sixteen cases from a single institution","volume":"118","author":"Lopes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.034","article-title":"Presentation and prognosis of complete atrioventricular block in childhood, according to maternal antibody status","volume":"48","author":"Villain","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01209-2","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy in isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block: early and long-term risk in children","volume":"37","author":"Udink Ten Cate","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.1.86","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcome of children with congenital complete heart block diagnosed in utero or as a newborn","volume":"106","author":"Eronen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01048-2","article-title":"Congenital heart block: development of late-onset cardiomyopathy, a previously underappreciated sequela","volume":"37","author":"Moak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100317","article-title":"A new presentation of neonatal lupus: 5\u00a0cases of isolated mild endocardial fibroelastosis associated with maternal anti-SSA\/Ro and anti-SSB\/La antibodies","volume":"38","author":"Guettrot-Imbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02004-1","article-title":"Endocardial fibroelastosis associated with maternal anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies in the absence of atrioventricular block","volume":"40","author":"Nield","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0702.104182","article-title":"Maternal anti-Ro and anti-La antibody\u2013associated endocardial fibroelastosis","volume":"105","author":"Nield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker515","article-title":"Anatomical and pathological findings in hearts from fetuses and infants with cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus","volume":"51","author":"Llanos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10700","article-title":"Concomitant disappearance of electrocardiographic abnormalities and of acquired maternal autoantibodies during the first year of life in infants who had QT interval prolongation and anti-SSA\/Ro positivity without congenital heart block at birth","volume":"48","author":"Cimaz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200101)44:1<242::AID-ANR34>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Increase in the heart rate-corrected QT interval in children of anti-Ro-positive mothers, with a further increase in those with siblings with congenital heart block: comment on the article by Cimaz et al.","volume":"44","author":"Gordon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27333","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of neonatal lupus and risk of subsequent congenital heart block","volume":"62","author":"Izmirly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02443.x","article-title":"Non-cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus erythematosus: neonatal lupus erythematosus","volume":"72","author":"Silverman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.e11","article-title":"Hepatobiliary disease in neonatal lupus: prevalence and clinical characteristics in cases enrolled in a national registry","volume":"109","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22543","article-title":"Hydrocephalus and macrocephaly: New manifestations of neonatal lupus erythematosus","volume":"57","author":"Boros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313509294","article-title":"Central nervous system manifestations of neonatal lupus: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000128871.51917.1d","article-title":"Pulmonary capillaritis and hemorrhage in Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus (NLE)","volume":"10","author":"Morton","year":"2004","journal-title":"JCR J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214406","article-title":"Comorbidity and long-term outcome in patients with congenital heart block and their siblings exposed to Ro\/SSA autoantibodies in utero","volume":"78","author":"Mofors","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30069-4","article-title":"Routine repeated echocardiographic monitoring of fetuses exposed to maternal anti-SSA antibodies: time to question the dogma","volume":"1","author":"Costedoat-Chalumeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42733","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of high titer autoantibodies and fetal home monitoring in the detection of atrioventricular block among anti-SSA\/Ro pregnancies","volume":"76","author":"Buyon JillP","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42513","article-title":"Maternal anti-Ro antibody titers obtained with commercially available immunoassays are strongly associated with immune-mediated fetal heart disease","volume":"75","author":"Jaeggi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.707661","article-title":"Utility of cardiac monitoring in fetuses at risk for congenital heart block: the PR Interval and Dexamethasone Evaluation (PRIDE) prospective study","volume":"117","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2023.07.001","article-title":"French national diagnostic and care protocol for Sj\u00f6gren's disease","volume":"44","author":"Devauchelle-Pensec","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033241244465","article-title":"Home monitoring of fetal heart rhythm: lived experiences of women with anti-SSA\/Ro52\u00a0autoantibodies and their co-parents","volume":"33","author":"Tingstr\u00f6m","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.045","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine to prevent recurrent congenital heart block in fetuses of anti-SSA\/Ro-positive mothers","volume":"76","author":"Izmirly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.09.011","article-title":"Blocking the neonatal Fc receptor as a novel approach to prevent cardiac neonatal lupus: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"85","author":"Carlucci","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27308","article-title":"Evaluation of fetuses in a study of intravenous immunoglobulin as preventive therapy for congenital heart block: results of a multicenter, prospective, open-label clinical trial","volume":"62","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27350","article-title":"Failure of intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent congenital heart block: findings of a multicenter, prospective, observational study","volume":"62","author":"Pisoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.10.1010","article-title":"Questions about dexamethasone use for the prevention of anti-SSA related congenital heart block","volume":"62","author":"Costedoat-Chalumeau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.02.023","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for use of antirheumatic drugs in reproduction, pregnancy, and lactation: 2024\u00a0update","volume":"84","author":"R\u00fcegg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.12.014","article-title":"Prolongation of the atrioventricular conduction in fetuses exposed to maternal anti-Ro\/SSA and anti-La\/SSB antibodies did not predict progressive heart block","volume":"57","author":"Jaeggi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib1005","first-page":"783","article-title":"Fluorinated steroids are not superior to any treatment to ameliorate the outcome of autoimmune mediated congenital heart block: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Hoxha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203311430969","article-title":"A combination therapy to treat second-degree anti-Ro\/La-related congenital heart block. A strategy to avoid stable third-degree heart block?","volume":"21","author":"Ruffatti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.044","article-title":"Use of intravenous gamma globulin and corticosteroids in the treatment of maternal autoantibody-mediated cardiomyopathy","volume":"57","author":"Trucco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209770","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for women's health and the management of family planning, assisted reproduction, pregnancy and menopause in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and\/or antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Andreoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne"],"original-title":[],"language":"fr","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0248866326006995?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0248866326006995?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:33:54Z","timestamp":1788262434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0248866326006995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["S0248866326006995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0248-8663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0248-8663","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lupus n\u00e9onatal et bloc atrioventriculaire cong\u00e9nital","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.revmed.2026.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale Fran\u00e7aise de M\u00e9decine Interne (SNFMI).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}