{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T07:50:14Z","timestamp":1773647414343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002742","name":"Banaras Hindu University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.es","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Revista Iberoamericana de Micolog\u00eda"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T05:08:24Z","timestamp":1766120904000},"page":"7-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the combined impact of amphotericin B and posaconazole on the germination of a rare Rhizopus homothallicus isolate responsible for COVID-19 associated mucormycosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Nikhil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Kumar Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suchita","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragini","family":"Tilak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munesh","family":"Kumar Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1254919","article-title":"Mucormycosis in 2023: an update on pathogenesis and management","volume":"13","author":"Alqarihi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2016.0093","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections, version 2.2016, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"14","author":"Baden","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Cancer Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn005","article-title":"In vitro activities of combinations of amphotericin B, posaconazole and four other agents against Rhizopus","volume":"61","author":"Ballester","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.125928","article-title":"Chitin and chitosan quantification in fungal cell wall via Raman spectroscopy","volume":"334","author":"Barroso-Solares","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.076463","article-title":"Invasive zygomycosis in India: experience in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"85","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12371","article-title":"ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis","volume":"20","author":"Cornely","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0275","series-title":"M38: Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; approved standard (3rd edition). CLSI document M38Ed3","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1039\/C3NR04941H","article-title":"Graphene oxide exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacterial phytopathogens and fungal conidia by intertwining and membrane perturbation","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0285","series-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; approved standard (3rd edition). CLSI document M38-A2","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium","volume":"19","author":"Cornely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0295","article-title":"ASDCD: antifungal synergistic drug combination database","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s13225-013-0229-6","article-title":"Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus","volume":"64","author":"Dolatabadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fungal Divers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6710","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136710","article-title":"Assessment of biotechnologically important filamentous fungal biomass by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy","volume":"22","author":"Dzurendov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.2017.1323465","article-title":"Efficacy of propidium iodide and FUN-1 stains for assessing viability in basidiospores of Rhizopogon roseolus","volume":"109","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Miranda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.645270","article-title":"Spike in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis cases presenting to a tertiary care center during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Fouad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab233","article-title":"Combination treatment of liposomal amphotericin B and isavuconazole is synergistic in treating experimental mucormycosis","volume":"76","author":"Gebremariam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1140\/epjti\/s40485-015-0018-6","article-title":"Review of multidimensional data processing approaches for Raman and infrared spectroscopy","volume":"2","author":"Gautam","year":"2015","journal-title":"EPJ Techn Instrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71714","article-title":"Targeting SOD1 reduces experimental non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"124","author":"Glasauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-015-0222-5","article-title":"Combination therapy for the treatment of mucormycosis: examining the evidence","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Fungal Infect Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.3.693-715.2004","article-title":"Combination antifungal therapy","volume":"48","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0153-5","article-title":"Rhizopus homothallicus causing invasive infections: series of three cases from a single centre in North India","volume":"182","author":"Kokkayil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-020-00369-4","article-title":"Combination therapy for invasive fungal infections","volume":"14","author":"Livengood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Fungal Infect Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01656-3","article-title":"MicrobioRaman: an open-access web repository for microbiological Raman spectroscopy data","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv236","article-title":"Prospective pilot study of high-dose (10mg\/kg\/day) liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) for the initial treatment of mucormycosis","volume":"70","author":"Lanternier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2022.101332","article-title":"Combination therapy in mucormycosis: current evidence from the world literature, a mini review","volume":"33","author":"Meena","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg301","article-title":"Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them","volume":"52","author":"Odds","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00492-08","article-title":"Posaconazole enhances the activity of amphotericin B against hyphae of zygomycetes in vitro","volume":"52","author":"Perkhofer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124666","article-title":"Exploring dynamic changes of fungal cellular components during nanoemulsion treatment by multivariate microRaman imaging","volume":"261","author":"Perumal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6447","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27207","article-title":"Mucormycosis or black fungus infection is a new scare in South Asian countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: associated risk factors and preventive measures","volume":"93","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2907.221491","article-title":"Clinical and mycologic characteristics of emerging mucormycosis agent Rhizopus homothallicus","volume":"29","author":"Rudramurthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.236","article-title":"Zygomycetes in human disease","volume":"13","author":"Ribes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases","volume":"41","author":"Roden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3786","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00628-08","article-title":"Posaconazole combined with amphotericin B, an effective therapy for a murine disseminated infection caused by Rhizopus oryzae","volume":"52","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2006.01299.x","article-title":"Successful treatment of disseminated mucormycosis with a combination of liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"49","author":"Rickerts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8773","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105941108","article-title":"Selective killing of K-ras mutant cancer cells by small molecule inducers of oxidative stress","volume":"108","author":"Shaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063393","article-title":"Mitochondrial respiratory pathways inhibition in Rhizopus oryzae potentiates activity of posaconazole and itraconazole via apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Shirazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.5.902","article-title":"The effect of ketoconazole on amphotericin B in a model of disseminated aspergillosis","volume":"151","author":"Schaffner","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","article-title":"ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Schieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12909","article-title":"Antifungal combinations in Mucorales: a microbiological perspective","volume":"62","author":"Schwarz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030090","article-title":"Therapy of mucormycosis","volume":"4","author":"Sipsas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1086\/376525","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis \u2013 state of the art: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Consensus Conference","volume":"37","author":"Stevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0450","first-page":"20","article-title":"A revision of the genus Rhizopus. II. The Rhizopus microsporus-group","volume":"25","author":"Schipper","year":"1984","journal-title":"Stud Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.05.019","article-title":"Mucormycosis in COVID-19: a systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-021-00934-5","article-title":"Mucormycosis: risk factors, diagnosis, treatments, and challenges during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"67","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12132235","article-title":"Size and zeta potential clicked germination attenuation and anti-sporangiospores activity of PEI-functionalized silver nanoparticles against COVID-19 associated Mucorales (Rhizopus arrhizus)","volume":"12","author":"Tiwari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1086\/516353","article-title":"Amphotericin B lipid complex for invasive fungal infections: analysis of safety and efficacy in 556 cases","volume":"26","author":"Walsh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03667-9","article-title":"ROS and diseases: role in metabolism and energy supply","volume":"467","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9901","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c00900","article-title":"Fingerprint stimulated Raman scattering imaging unveils ergosteryl ester as a metabolic signature of azole-resistant Candida albicans","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal Chem"}],"container-title":["Revista Iberoamericana de Micolog\u00eda"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1130140625000531?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1130140625000531?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T06:56:04Z","timestamp":1773644164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1130140625000531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1130140625000531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1130-1406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1130-1406","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluating the combined impact of amphotericin B and posaconazole on the germination of a rare Rhizopus homothallicus isolate responsible for COVID-19 associated mucormycosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Revista Iberoamericana de Micolog\u00eda","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.riam.2025.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. on behalf of Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Micolog\u00eda.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}