{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T01:38:23Z","timestamp":1777081103823,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in International Business and Finance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T06:52:25Z","timestamp":1623307945000},"page":"101471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The stabilizing effect of social distancing: Cross-country differences in financial market response to COVID-19 pandemic policies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Steve J.","family":"Bickley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Brumpton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho Fai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Colthurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benno","family":"Torgler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0005","article-title":"Covid-19: politicisation, \u201ccorruption,\u201d and suppression of science","volume":"371","author":"Abbasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"SI-1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2004-6","article-title":"The early impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global and Turkish economy","volume":"50","author":"A\u00e7ikg\u00f6z","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0015","article-title":"Financial contagion during COVID\u201319 crisis","author":"Akhtaruzzaman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0020","series-title":"Coronavirus and Financial Volatility: 40 Days of Fasting and Fear","author":"Albulescu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/ijfs8020031","article-title":"Evidence of intraday multifractality in european stock markets during the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak","volume":"8","author":"Aslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Financ. Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2019.05.010","article-title":"The impact of sentiment and attention measures on stock market volatility","volume":"36","author":"Audrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Forecast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0035","series-title":"National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series","article-title":"The unprecedented stock Market impact of COVID-19","author":"Baker","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0040","series-title":"Using Disasters to Estimate the Impact of Uncertainty (No. w27167)","author":"Baker","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0045","series-title":"A Global Dataset of Human Mobility for March 2020","author":"Chan","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-021-00677-5","article-title":"How does globalization affect COVID-19 responses?","volume":"17","author":"Bickley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Globalization and Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240644","article-title":"How confidence in health care systems affects mobility and compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"15","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1080\/09603100600829519","article-title":"Long range dependence in stock market returns","volume":"16","author":"Christodoulou-Volos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Financ. Econ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0065","first-page":"3","article-title":"STL: a seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on loess","volume":"6","author":"Cleveland","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Off. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0070","article-title":"Aye Corona! The contagion effects of being named Corona during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Corbet","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2020.101554","article-title":"The contagion effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from gold and cryptocurrencies","volume":"35","author":"Corbet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1080\/13504851.2011.608637","article-title":"Time-varying long-range dependence in stock market returns and financial market disruptions - a case of eight European countries","volume":"19","author":"Dajcman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Econ. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0085","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Finance","first-page":"33","article-title":"Politics and financial markets","author":"Davis","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/kykl.12227","article-title":"Certified coronavirus immunity as a resource and strategy to cope with pandemic costs","volume":"73","author":"Eichenberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kyklos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2020.101512","article-title":"COVID-19 and finance: agendas for future research","volume":"35","author":"Goodell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0100","series-title":"COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports","author":"Google","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01079-8","article-title":"A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker)","volume":"5","author":"Hale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000721912.74581.d7","article-title":"The politicization of COVID-19","volume":"120","author":"Halpern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0115","first-page":"27","article-title":"COVID-19: media coverage and financial markets behavior\u2014a sectoral inquiry","author":"Haroon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Behav. Exp. Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0120","series-title":"The Rhetoric of Reaction","author":"Hirschman","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0125","series-title":"Market Shocks and Professionals\u2019 Investment Behavior \u2013 Evidence From the COVID-19 Crash","author":"Huber","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irfa.2017.12.004","article-title":"Stock prices and geographic proximity of information: evidence from the Ebola outbreak","volume":"56","author":"Ichev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Financ. Anal."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(02)01383-3","article-title":"Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary time series","volume":"316","author":"Kantelhardt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Its Appl."},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0140","first-page":"159","article-title":"Armed conflict and financial and economic risk: evidence from Colombia","volume":"18","author":"Kutan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Risk Management (Leicestershire, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jrfm11020016","article-title":"Contagion effect of natural disaster and financial crisis events on international stock markets","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Risk Financ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0150","series-title":"Covid-19 And Stock Market Volatility","author":"Onali","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30426-6","article-title":"A future vaccination campaign against COVID-19 at risk of vaccine hesitancy and politicisation","volume":"20","author":"Peretti-Watel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002706290430","article-title":"War and the world economy: stock market reactions to international conflicts","volume":"50","author":"Schneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Conflict Resolut."},{"issue":"1.1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0165","first-page":"270","article-title":"Politicising the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe: implications for public health and governance","volume":"9","author":"Shumba","year":"2020","journal-title":"African J. Gov. Develop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0170","series-title":"Epidemics and Society: From the Black Death to the Present","author":"Snowden","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01186.x","article-title":"Markets beyond politics? The state and the internationalisation of financial markets","volume":"19","author":"Underhill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Polit. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/1035304620927107","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic: lessons on building more equal and sustainable societies","volume":"31","author":"van Barneveld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Econ. Labour Relat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2020.101597","article-title":"Infected markets: novel coronavirus, government interventions, and stock return volatility around the globe","volume":"35","author":"Zaremba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2020.101528","article-title":"Financial markets under the global pandemic of COVID-19","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/ecaf.12431","article-title":"The COVID\u201019 crisis: a public choice view","volume":"40","author":"Zweifel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Econ. Aff."}],"container-title":["Research in International Business and Finance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0275531921000921?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0275531921000921?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:50:23Z","timestamp":1759495823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0275531921000921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0275531921000921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471","relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5319","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The stabilizing effect of social distancing: Cross-country differences in financial market response to COVID-19 pandemic policies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in International Business and Finance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101471","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101471"}}