{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:41:57Z","timestamp":1791891717320,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002369","name":"Chongqing University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002369","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019CDSKXYGG0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019CDSKXYGG0042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in International Business and Finance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T20:24:41Z","timestamp":1653942281000},"page":"101689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Infectious disease equity market volatility, geopolitical risk, speculation, and commodity returns: Comparative analysis of five epidemic outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Shaobo","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Islamic stock markets and COVID-19-induced shocks: simulations with global VAR approach","volume":"15","author":"Adediran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Islamic Middle Eastern Financ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib2","article-title":"Where lies the silver lining when uncertainty hang dark clouds over the global financial markets?","volume":"70","author":"Adediran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib3","article-title":"How COVID-19 drives connectedness among commodity and financial markets: evidence from TVP-VAR and causality-in-quantiles techniques","volume":"70","author":"Adekoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.04.187","article-title":"Forecasting crude oil price: does exist an optimal econometric model?","volume":"155","author":"de Albuquerquemello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5547\/01956574.34.3.3","article-title":"The role of financial speculation in driving the price of crude oil","volume":"34","author":"Alquist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2017.07.017","article-title":"Geopolitical risks and the oil-stock nexus over 1899\u20132016","volume":"23","author":"Antonakakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijforecast.2019.10.003","article-title":"Forecasting volatility and co-volatility of crude oil and gold futures: effects of leverage, jumps, spillovers, and geopolitical risks","volume":"36","author":"Asai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Forecast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2018.09.011","article-title":"Effects of the geopolitical risks on Bitcoin returns and volatility","volume":"47","author":"Aysan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Int. Bus. Financ."},{"issue":"5371","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib9","article-title":"Placing the 2006\/08 commodity price boom into perspective","author":"Baffes","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Bank Policy Res. Work. Paper"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib10","series-title":"Covid-Induced Economic Uncertainty","author":"Baker","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecosys.2017.05.008","article-title":"Geopolitical risks and stock market dynamics of the BRICS","volume":"42","author":"Balcilar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Econ. Syst."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib12","first-page":"17","article-title":"The relevance of speculation","volume":"21","author":"Bass","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rural"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.2283","article-title":"The role of time-varying price elasticities in accounting for volatility changes in the crude oil market","volume":"28","author":"Baumeister","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2013.12.026","article-title":"Regime-dependent adjustment in energy spot and futures markets","volume":"40","author":"Beckmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Econ. Model."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/for.2635","article-title":"On the predictability of crude oil market: a hybrid multiscale wavelet approach","volume":"39","author":"Bekiros","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Forecast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101529","article-title":"Traders\u2019 motivation and hedging pressure in commodity futures markets","volume":"59","author":"Bosch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Int. Bus. Financ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2019.104523","article-title":"What are the categories of geopolitical risks that could drive oil prices higher? Acts or threats?","volume":"84","author":"Bouoiyour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"issue":"55","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5935","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2018.1488075","article-title":"Spillovers between Bitcoin and other assets during bear and bull markets","volume":"50","author":"Bouri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.qref.2020.03.004","article-title":"Bitcoin, gold, and commodities as safe havens for stocks: New insight through wavelet analysis","volume":"77","author":"Bouri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quart. Rev. Econ. Financ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/fut.21756","article-title":"The prevalence, sources, and effects of herding","volume":"36","author":"Boyd","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Futures Mark."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomm.2018.05.005","article-title":"An update on speculation and financialization in commodity markets","volume":"10","author":"Boyd","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Commodity Mark."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jempfin.2019.01.007","article-title":"Macro fundamentals or geopolitical events? A textual analysis of news events for crude oil","volume":"51","author":"Brandt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Emp. Financ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/ajae\/aaw059","article-title":"The financialization of food?","volume":"99","author":"Bruno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib24","article-title":"Does paper oil matter?. Energy markets\u2019 financialization and equity-commodity co-movements","author":"B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fahin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Res. Netw. NY USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jimonfin.2013.08.004","article-title":"Speculators, commodities and cross-market linkages","volume":"42","author":"B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fahin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Money Financ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2020.109392","article-title":"The global effects of Covid-19-induced uncertainty","volume":"194","author":"Caggiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Econ. Lett."},{"issue":"1222","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib27","article-title":"Measuring geopolitical risk","author":"Caldara","year":"2018","journal-title":"FRB Int. Financ. Discuss. Paper"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib28","unstructured":"Caldara, D., & Iacoviello, M. (2021). Measuring geopolitical risk. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board Working Paper, November 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.3950060203","article-title":"The time-series properties of the risk premium in the Yen\/Dollar exchange market","volume":"6","author":"Canova","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inteco.2018.05.002","article-title":"How important are global geopolitical risks to emerging countries?","volume":"156","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.120934","article-title":"Asymmetric effect of energy price on commodity price: new evidence from NARDL and time frequency wavelet approaches","volume":"231","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2020.101621","article-title":"The effect of political and economic uncertainty on the cryptocurrency market","volume":"39","author":"Colon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2021.102079","article-title":"The time-varying effects of financial and geopolitical uncertainties on commodity market dynamics: a TVP-SVAR-SV analysis","volume":"72","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101618","article-title":"Does political risk matter for gold market fluctuations? A structural VAR analysis","volume":"60","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Int. Bus. Financ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib35","unstructured":"Ekeland, I., Lautier, D., & Villeneuve, B. (2014). Speculation in commodity futures markets: A simple equilibrium model. SSRN ID, 2323560."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/ajae\/aau069","article-title":"Price explosiveness, speculation, and grain futures prices","volume":"97","author":"Etienne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2018.1466992","article-title":"Speculation and corn prices","volume":"50","author":"Etienne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib38","first-page":"641","article-title":"Evaluating the accuracy of sampling-based approaches to the calculations of posterior moments","volume":"4","author":"Geweke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bayesian Anal."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-9552.2010.00248.x","article-title":"How to understand high food prices","volume":"61","author":"Gilbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2018.03.014","article-title":"Volatility jumps: the role of geopolitical risks","volume":"27","author":"Gkillas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.07.031","article-title":"Integration and risk contagion in financial crises: evidence from international stock markets","volume":"104","author":"Gkillas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomm.2016.07.006","article-title":"The impact of speculation on commodity futures markets\u2013a review of the findings of 100 empirical studies","volume":"3","author":"Haase","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Commodity Mark."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib43","article-title":"Relationship between green bonds and financial and environmental variables: a novel time-varying causality","volume":"92","author":"Hammoudeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2008.08.002","article-title":"The dynamics of a nonlinear relationship between crude oil spot and futures prices: a multivariate threshold regression approach","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib45","article-title":"How do dynamic responses of exchange rates to oil price shocks co-move? From a time-varying perspective","volume":"86","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2011.10.008","article-title":"Testing the Masters Hypothesis in commodity futures markets","volume":"34","author":"Irwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2014.06.008","article-title":"On the effects of world stock market and oil price shocks on food prices: an empirical investigation based on TVP-VAR models with stochastic volatility","volume":"45","author":"Jebabli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2020.101785","article-title":"Us partisan conflict and high-yield exchange rates","volume":"40","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Financ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2017.09.017","article-title":"Does the volatility of commodity prices reflect macroeconomic uncertainty?","volume":"68","author":"Jo\u00ebts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/fut.21716","article-title":"Does futures speculation destabilize commodity markets?","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Futures Mark."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2020.1859451","article-title":"Speculation and food-grain prices","volume":"53","author":"Lawson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2019.104548","article-title":"Geopolitical risk and oil volatility: A new insight","volume":"84","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101669","article-title":"Dynamics lead-lag relationship of jumps among Chinese stock index and futures market during the Covid-19 epidemic","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Int. Bus. Financ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irfa.2021.101743","article-title":"The impact of geopolitical uncertainty on energy volatility","volume":"75","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Financial Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2020.101979","article-title":"Economic uncertainty shocks and China\u2019s commodity futures returns: a time-varying perspective","volume":"70","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomm.2021.100194","article-title":"Have returns and volatilities for financial assets responded to implied volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic?","volume":"26","author":"Maghyereh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Commodity Markets"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2010.11.008","article-title":"Testing for adjustment costs and regime shifts in BRENT crude futures market","volume":"28","author":"Mamatzakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Econ. Model."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1017\/S107407080000050X","article-title":"Disentangling corn price volatility: the role of global demand, speculation, and energy","volume":"44","author":"McPhail","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Appl. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib59","first-page":"107","article-title":"Time-varying parameter VAR model with stochastic volatility: An overview of methodology and empirical applications","volume":"29","author":"Nakajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Monetary Econ. Stud."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjie.2011.07.004","article-title":"Bayesian analysis of time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model for the Japanese economy and monetary policy","volume":"25","author":"Nakajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Int. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2015.08.018","article-title":"Geopolitics and the oil price","volume":"52","author":"Noguera-Santaella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Econ. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2016.02.015","article-title":"Diversifying away the risk of war and cross-border political crisis","volume":"64","author":"Omar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2307\/1240309","article-title":"The role of economic analysis in futures market regulation","volume":"62","author":"Peck","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-937X.2005.00353.x","article-title":"Time varying structural vector autoregressions and monetary policy","volume":"72","author":"Primiceri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jedc.2015.07.002","article-title":"The time varying effect of oil price shocks on euro-area exports","volume":"59","author":"Riggi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Econ. Dyn. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.104713","article-title":"The role of underground storage in the dynamics of the US natural gas market: a threshold model analysis","volume":"87","author":"Rubaszek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib67","first-page":"5","article-title":"The role of the threshold effect for the dynamics of futures and spot prices of energy commodities","volume":"24","author":"Rubaszek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stud. Nonlinear Dyn. Econ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14185","DOI":"10.46557\/001c.14185","article-title":"Uncertainty due to infectious diseases and energy market volatility","volume":"1","author":"Salisu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Res. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17413","DOI":"10.46557\/001c.17413","article-title":"Pandemics and the Asia-Pacific Islamic stocks","volume":"1","author":"Salisu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Econ. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irfa.2020.101546","article-title":"Predicting stock returns in the presence of COVID-19 pandemic: the role of health news","volume":"71","author":"Salisu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Financ. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.02.128","article-title":"Modelling oil price-inflation nexus: the role of asymmetries","volume":"125","author":"Salisu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbef.2020.100383","article-title":"The COVID-19 global fear index and the predictability of commodity price returns","volume":"27","author":"Salisu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Behav. Exp. Financ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/aepp\/ppp006","article-title":"The adequacy of speculation in agricultural futures markets: too much of a good thing?","volume":"32","author":"Sanders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2021.101512","article-title":"\u201cDigital Gold\u201d and geopolitics","volume":"59","author":"Selmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Int. Bus. Financ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irfa.2020.101496","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic, oil prices, stock market, geopolitical risk and policy uncertainty nexus in the US economy: Fresh evidence from the wavelet-based approach","volume":"70","author":"Sharif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Financ. Anal."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/jtsa.12427","article-title":"Change detection and the causal impact of the yield curve","volume":"39","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Time Series Anal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib77","first-page":"158","article-title":"Causal change detection in possibly integrated systems: Revisiting the money\u2013income relationship","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Financ. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing the hedging potential of gold and other precious metals against uncertainty due to epidemics and pandemics","author":"Sikiru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual. Quantity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2019.116003","article-title":"Does geopolitical risk strengthen or depress oil prices and financial liquidity? Evidence from Saudi Arabia","volume":"187","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacfin.2021.101514","article-title":"How does trade policy uncertainty affect agriculture commodity prices?","volume":"66","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pac.-Basin Financ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2013.08.014","article-title":"Drivers and triggers of international food price spikes and volatility","volume":"47","author":"Tadesse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2469\/faj.v68.n6.5","article-title":"Index investment and the financialization of commodities","volume":"68","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Financ. Anal. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.119584","article-title":"Structure dependence between oil and agricultural commodities returns: The role of geopolitical risks","volume":"219","author":"Tiwari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2019.05.041","article-title":"Enhancing the predictability of crude oil markets with hybrid wavelet approaches","volume":"182","author":"Uddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Econ. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoneco.2004.05.007","article-title":"What are the effects of monetary policy on output? Results from an agnostic identification procedure","volume":"52","author":"Uhlig","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Monetary Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib86","first-page":"1","article-title":"Empirical examination on the drivers of the US equity returns in the during the COVID-19 crisis","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3905\/jai.2016.18.3.084","article-title":"Is financial speculation with agricultural commodities harmful or helpful?: A literature review of empirical research","volume":"18","author":"Will","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Altern. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib88","first-page":"185","article-title":"Speculation on hedging markets","volume":"1","author":"Working","year":"1960","journal-title":"Food Res. Inst. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib89","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of cross-quantile dependence and causality between non-ferrous metals and clean energy indexes","volume":"202","author":"Yahya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irfa.2018.08.003","article-title":"Global financial crisis and rising connectedness in the international commodity markets","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Financ. Anal."}],"container-title":["Research in International Business and Finance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0275531922000770?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0275531922000770?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:52:39Z","timestamp":1759495959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0275531922000770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0275531922000770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689","relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5319"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5319","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infectious disease equity market volatility, geopolitical risk, speculation, and commodity returns: Comparative analysis of five epidemic outbreaks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in International Business and Finance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ribaf.2022.101689","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101689"}}