{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:38:23Z","timestamp":1791092303971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Developmental Disabilities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]],"date-time":"2013-06-07T04:45:24Z","timestamp":1370580324000},"page":"2551-2563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Psychopharmacological treatment in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Christian J.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Manthey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Kamp-Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Glaeske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0005","first-page":"1672","article-title":"Psychotropic and anticonvulsant drugs in subjects with autism: Prevalence and patterns of use","volume":"34","author":"Aman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834cba3e","article-title":"Medical treatment overview: Traditional and novel psycho-pharmacological and complementary and alternative medications","volume":"23","author":"Anagnostou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(05)82394-2","article-title":"\u00c9tude descriptive de l\u2019utilisation de psychotropes chez les personnes autistes de 20 \u00e0 35 ans en institution du Languedoc-Roussillon","volume":"31","author":"Baghdadli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.076877","article-title":"Epilepsy in autism: Features and correlates","volume":"198","author":"Bolton","year":"2011","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710000991","article-title":"IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders: Data from the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP)","volume":"41","author":"Charman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0030","article-title":"Age-related variation in health service use and associated expenditures among children with autism","author":"Cidav","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0900D","article-title":"Use of psychotropic medication in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"130","author":"Coury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0040","series-title":"Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie von psychischen St\u00f6rungen im S\u00e4uglings-, Kindes- und Jugendalter. Tief greifende Entwicklungsst\u00f6rungen (F84)","author":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie (DGKJP)","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1024\/1422-4917\/a000092","article-title":"Time trends in psychopathology. A 21-year comparison from Germany","volume":"39","author":"Eimecke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0750-3","article-title":"A longitudinal investigation of psychotropic and non-psychotropic medication use among adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"39","author":"Esbensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0055","author":"European Medicines Agency (EMEA)","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amendments to the summary of product characteristics and package leaflet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0060","author":"FDA (US Food and Drug Administration)","year":"2006","journal-title":"FDA approves the first drug to treat irritability associated with autism, risperdal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31819e7203","article-title":"Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"65","author":"Fombonne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2011.0057","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of psychotropic medication use in adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder with and without caregiver-reported attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"21","author":"Frazier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181a20c8a","article-title":"National patterns in the outpatient pharmacological management of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"29","author":"Gerhard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2004.12.002","article-title":"Internet survey of treatments used by parents of children with autism","volume":"27","author":"Green","year":"2006","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.245","article-title":"Pathways to drug development for autism spectrum disorders","volume":"91","author":"Hampson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh.2011.039","article-title":"Psychopharmacological treatment of ADHD symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"23","author":"Handen","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3295","article-title":"Outpatient treatment in German adolescents with depression: An analysis of nationwide health insurance data","volume":"21","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03305.x","article-title":"Diabetes prevalence based on health insurance claims: Large differences between companies","volume":"28","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1024\/1422-4917\/a000199","article-title":"Prevalence and comorbidities of adolescent depression in Germany. An analysis of health insurance data","volume":"40","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0110","first-page":"CD008372","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressants for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children and adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-013-0020-4","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of eating disorders in German children and adolescents","author":"Jaite","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-0996-9","article-title":"The heavy burden of psychiatric comorbidity in youth with autism spectrum disorders: A large comparative study of a psychiatrically referred population","volume":"40","author":"Joshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01563.x","article-title":"Use and cost of psychotropic drugs among recipients with autism in a state Medicaid fee-for-service programme","volume":"57","author":"Khanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.30","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: Citalopram ineffective in children with autism","volume":"66","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.10.007","article-title":"High prescription drug use and associated costs among Medicaid-eligible children with autism spectrum disorders identified by a population-based surveillance network","volume":"22","author":"Logan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e441","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0984","article-title":"Psychotropic medication use among Medicaid-enrolled children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"121","author":"Mandell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2012.01461.x","article-title":"The relationship between mental health diagnosis and treatment with second-generation antipsychotics over time: A national study of U.S Medicaid-enrolled children","volume":"47","author":"Matone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1312","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0427","article-title":"A systematic review of medical treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"127","author":"McPheeters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.10.001","article-title":"Overuse of psychotropic medications among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: Perspective from a developing country","volume":"33","author":"Memari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0729-0","article-title":"Adherence to behavioral and medical treatment recommendations by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"39","author":"Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.17303","article-title":"Medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"17","author":"Oswald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31823969de","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders and health care expenditures: The effects of co-occurring conditions","volume":"33","author":"Peacock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1218-9","article-title":"Overview of meta-analyses on early intensive behavioral intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"42","author":"Reichow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0878-1","article-title":"Psychotropic medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders enrolled in a national registry 2007\u20132008","volume":"40","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e305","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3713","article-title":"State variation in psychotropic medication use by foster care children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"124","author":"Rubin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0190","first-page":"615","article-title":"The changing prevalence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and methylphenidate prescriptions: A study of data from a random sample of insurees of the AOK Health Insurance Company in the German State of Hesse 2000\u20132007","volume":"107","author":"Schubert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.2.269","article-title":"Increased antipsychotic prescribing to youths in Germany","volume":"60","author":"Schubert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2011.02.008","article-title":"Efficacy of risperidone in managing maladaptive behaviors for children with autistic spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02606.x","article-title":"The persistence and stability of psychiatric problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"54","author":"Simonoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0210","first-page":"921","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample","volume":"47","author":"Simonoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054708326261","article-title":"Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Symptom or syndrome?","volume":"13","author":"Sinzig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.12.1566","article-title":"Sleep behaviors and sleep quality in children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"32","author":"Souders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.062083","article-title":"Systematic review of prevalence studies of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"91","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0230","first-page":"CD004677","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)","volume":"4","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922812440837","article-title":"Psychotropic medication use in children with autism in the Kentucky Medicaid population","volume":"51","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.11.003","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders in the DSM-V: Better or worse than the DSM-IV?","volume":"32","author":"Wing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2005.15.671","article-title":"Treatment incidence and patterns in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"15","author":"Witwer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-2-26","article-title":"A three-country comparison of psychotropic medication prevalence in youth","volume":"2","author":"Zito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"}],"container-title":["Research in Developmental Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891422213002205?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891422213002205?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:45:31Z","timestamp":1760193931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891422213002205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0891422213002205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-4222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-4222","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Psychopharmacological treatment in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in Germany","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Developmental Disabilities","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}