{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:03:38Z","timestamp":1789236218127,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Developmental Disabilities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T00:59:03Z","timestamp":1447808343000},"page":"181-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Increased risk of epilepsy in children with Tourette syndrome: A population-based case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51-52","author":[{"given":"Lee Chin","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ling","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chin","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuh-Jyh","family":"Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Ju","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-An","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang-Tso","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinn-Ying","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh136","article-title":"fMRI activation during spike and wave discharges in idiopathic generalized epilepsy","volume":"127","author":"Aghakhani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(87)90028-3","article-title":"Migraine\u2013epilepsy relationships","volume":"1","author":"Andermann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Epilepsy Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm278","article-title":"Neural correlates of tic severity and cognitive control in children with Tourette syndrome","volume":"131","author":"Baym","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00157","article-title":"The role of dopamine signaling in epileptogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Bozzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0025","first-page":"5","article-title":"Cell signaling underlying epileptic behavior","author":"Bozzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.225029","article-title":"Dissecting the Gilles de la Tourette spectrum: A factor analytic study on 639 patients","volume":"82","author":"Cavanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.011","article-title":"The psychopathological spectrum of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Cavanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022308","article-title":"Epilepsy","volume":"349","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-1047-3","article-title":"Dopamine transporter density in the basal ganglia assessed with [123I] IPT SPET in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"30","author":"Cheon","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57926","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057926","article-title":"Correlation between epilepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A population-based cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Chou","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.051","article-title":"The dopamine system in idiopathic generalized epilepsies: Identification of syndrome-related changes","volume":"51","author":"Ciumas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10035","article-title":"The epidemiology of the epilepsies in children","volume":"8","author":"Cowan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808331363","article-title":"The presence of comorbidity in Tourette syndrome increases the need for pharmacological treatment","volume":"24","author":"Debes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Child Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20949","article-title":"Effect of vagal nerve stimulation in a case of Tourette's syndrome and complex partial epilepsy","volume":"21","author":"Diamond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.11.007","article-title":"Tourette syndrome and epilepsy: A strange case of possible sudden unexpected death","volume":"17","author":"Doherty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-9572(10)60050-2","article-title":"Tourette syndrome in children: An updated review","volume":"51","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics & Neonatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200000839","article-title":"An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: Selected findings from 3500 individuals in 22 countries","volume":"42","author":"Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68182-8","article-title":"Epilepsy in children","volume":"367","author":"Guerrini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.016","article-title":"EEG\u2013fMRI of idiopathic and secondarily generalized epilepsies","volume":"31","author":"Hamandi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2003.39.7.799445","article-title":"Antipsychotic medication and seizures: A review","volume":"39","author":"Hedges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2650","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence, age of risk, and genetic relationships of comorbid psychiatric disorders in tourette syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Hirschtritt","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.002","article-title":"Prevalence of tic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Knight","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.042suppl.3013.x","article-title":"Involvement of the thalamocortical system in epileptic loss of consciousness","volume":"42","author":"Kostopoulos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.11.1595","article-title":"Migraine headache in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Kwak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00114-8","article-title":"Tourette's syndrome-when habit-forming systems form habits of their own?","volume":"28","author":"Leckman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.10.009","article-title":"Antipsychotics and seizures: Higher risk with atypicals?","volume":"22","author":"Lertxundi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.00502.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of epilepsy and learning disability","volume":"42","author":"Lhatoo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0140","first-page":"61","article-title":"Gilles de la Tourette syndrome associated with epileptiform discharges: Report of three cases","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0145","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incorporating development stratification of Taiwan townships into sampling design of large scale health interview survey","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Health Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007806","article-title":"Dopamine transporter binding in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"247","author":"M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S6371","article-title":"Levetiracetam as an alternative therapy for Tourette syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Granero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01951.x","article-title":"ADHD and epilepsy in children with Tourette syndrome: A triple comorbidity?","volume":"99","author":"Rizzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.007","article-title":"The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Part 2: Tentative explanations for differing prevalence figures in GTS, including the possible effects of psychopathology, aetiology, cultural differences, and differing phenotypes","volume":"65","author":"Robertson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.07.010","article-title":"The international prevalence, epidemiology, and clinical phenomenology of Tourette syndrome: A cross-cultural perspective","volume":"67","author":"Robertson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurx.2006.01.009","article-title":"Contemporary assessment and pharmacotherapy of Tourette syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Scahill","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199602)22:2<159::AID-SYN8>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"The role of dopamine in epilepsy","volume":"22","author":"Starr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.05.005","article-title":"Febrile convulsions increase risk of Tourette syndrome","author":"Tu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00160-6","article-title":"Epilepsy in autism","volume":"1","author":"Tuchman","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006777","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006777","article-title":"Is schizophrenia associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease? A nationwide matched-cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Tzeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005_bib0200","first-page":"1243","article-title":"D2-like dopamine receptor density in Tourette syndrome measured by PET","volume":"38","author":"Wong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Official Publication of Society of Nuclear Medicine"}],"container-title":["Research in Developmental Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891422215001766?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891422215001766?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T12:54:50Z","timestamp":1537188890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891422215001766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0891422215001766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-4222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-4222","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increased risk of epilepsy in children with Tourette syndrome: A population-based case-control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Developmental Disabilities","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.10.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}