{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T20:56:25Z","timestamp":1783544185038,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Developmental Disabilities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T02:12:35Z","timestamp":1618452755000},"page":"103945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Theory of Mind in children and adolescents with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Neitzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4686-7673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Penke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12045","article-title":"Which are the best predictors of theory of mind delay in children with specific language impairment?","volume":"48","author":"Andr\u00e9s-Roqueta","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.5.1311","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the relation between language and theory-of-mind development","volume":"35","author":"Astington","year":"1999","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8","article-title":"Does the autistic child have a theory of mind?","volume":"21","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02905","article-title":"Systematic review and inventory of theory of mind measures for young children","volume":"10","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2004.00731.x","article-title":"Relative roles of general and complementation language in Theory-of-Mind development","volume":"75","author":"Cheung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(02)00073-4","article-title":"Complements to cognition: A longitudinal study of the relationship between complex syntax and false-belief-understanding","volume":"17","author":"De Villiers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12237","article-title":"Relations between false belief understanding and executive function in early childhood: A meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Devine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2017.02.005","article-title":"Are there different pathways to explicit false belief understanding?","volume":"43","author":"Farrar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0050","series-title":"TROG-D. Test zur \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung des Grammatikverst\u00e4ndnisses","author":"Fox","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.03.609","article-title":"Theory of mind abilities in children with Down syndrome and non-specific intellectual disabilities","volume":"2","author":"Giaouri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0060","article-title":"Memory profiles in Down syndrome across development","volume":"10","author":"Godfrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0065","series-title":"SETK 3-5. Sprachentwicklungstest f\u00fcr drei- bis f\u00fcnfj\u00e4hrige Kinder","author":"Grimm","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1024\/\/1422-4917.30.1.29","article-title":"Zur Spezifit\u00e4tshypothese eines Theory-of-Mind Defizits beim Fr\u00fchkindlichen Autismus","volume":"30","author":"Ki\u00dfgen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00416","article-title":"The use of nonword repetition as a test of phonological memory in children with Down Syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Laws","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2014.11.005","article-title":"The origins of children\u2019s metamemory: The role of Theory of Mind","volume":"131","author":"Lecce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0085","series-title":"ESGRAF 4-8. Grammatiktest f\u00fcr 4- bis 8-j\u00e4hrige Kinder","author":"Motsch","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0090","first-page":"1","article-title":"Verbal short-term memory and sentence comprehension in German children and adolescents with Down syndrome - beware of the task","author":"Penke","year":"2020","journal-title":"First Language"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01728.x","article-title":"The mind behind the message: Advancing theory-of-mind scales for typically developing children, and those with deafness, autism or Asperger syndrome","volume":"83","author":"Peterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0100","article-title":"Der Erwerb von Nebens\u00e4tzen im Deutschen. Eine Pilotstudie","volume":"302","author":"Rothweiler","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1348\/026151004X21332","article-title":"How language does (and does not) relate to theory of mind: A longitudinal study of syntax, semantics, working memory and false belief","volume":"23","author":"Slade","year":"2005","journal-title":"The British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0110","series-title":"SON-R 2\u00bd-7. Non-verbaler Intelligenztest","author":"Tellegen","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0115","series-title":"New trends in language acquisition within the generative perspective","first-page":"151","article-title":"Syntactic problems in German individuals with Down syndrome","author":"Wimmer","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.01.014","article-title":"Language comprehension in children, adolescents, and adults with Down syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Witecy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01497.x","article-title":"Theory of mind abilites in individuals with Autism, Down syndrome, and mental retardation of unknown etiology","volume":"37","author":"Yirmiya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01429.x","article-title":"Theory of mind and rule use in individuals with Down\u2019s syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Zelazo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Research in Developmental Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891422221000949?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891422221000949?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:59:30Z","timestamp":1760194770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891422221000949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S0891422221000949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-4222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-4222","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Theory of Mind in children and adolescents with Down syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Developmental Disabilities","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103945","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103945"}}