{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:44:47Z","timestamp":1772775887152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Developmental Disabilities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T05:53:02Z","timestamp":1653285182000},"page":"104260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effectiveness of a process-based executive function intervention on arithmetic knowledge of children with Developmental Dyscalculia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Nazari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farnaz","family":"Hakiminejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeid","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.10.023","article-title":"Computerized working memory training: can it lead to gains in cognitive skills in students?","volume":"29","author":"Alloway","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Be havior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimation in the primary mathematics curricula of the United Kingdom: Ambivalent expectations of an essential competence","author":"Andrews","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016838","article-title":"Skill development in different components of arithmetic and basic cognitive functions: Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study of children with different types of learning difficulties","volume":"102","author":"Andersson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of educational psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmac.2015.03.001","article-title":"Updating and working memory training: Immediate improvement, long-term maintenance, and generalisability to non-trained tasks","volume":"4","author":"Ang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00979","article-title":"Enhancing working memory training with transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"28","author":"Au","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of cognitive neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/10986060709336813","article-title":"Preschoolers\u2019 understanding of the addition\u2013subtraction inverse principle: a Taiwanese sample","volume":"9","author":"Baroody","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mathematical Thinking and Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib7","first-page":"63","article-title":"Working-memory training in younger and older adults: training gains, transfer, and maintenance","volume":"6","author":"Brehmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"koponen in human neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.06.012","article-title":"Multi-method brain imaging reveals impaired representations of number as well as altered connectivity in adults with dyscalculia","volume":"190","author":"Bulth\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6033","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201536","article-title":"Dyscalculia: from brain to education","volume":"332","author":"Butterworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000289","article-title":"Processing speed, executive function, and academic achievement in children with dextro-transposition of the great arteries: Testing a longitudinal developmental cascade model","volume":"30","author":"Cassidy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib11","first-page":"61","article-title":"Learning disabilities: Developmental dyscalculia","volume":"Vol. 174","author":"Castaldi","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.17.2.193","article-title":"Expanding the mind\u2019s workspace: Training and transfer effects with a complex working memory span task","volume":"17","author":"Chein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychonomic bulletin & review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chodura, S., Kuhn, J. T., & Holling, H., 2015, Interventions for children with mathematical difficulties. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychologie.","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000211"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib14","series-title":"Key Math Diagnostic Arithmetic Test","author":"Connolly","year":"1971"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tine.2013.12.001","article-title":"Skills underlying mathematics: The role of executive function in the development of mathematics proficiency","volume":"3","author":"Cragg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends in neuroscience and education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.01.014","article-title":"Direct and indirect influences of executive functions on mathematics achievement","volume":"162","author":"Cragg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2013.02.004","article-title":"Gender differences in developmental dyscalculia depend on diagnostic criteria","volume":"27","author":"Devine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual review of psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410.2016.1214686","article-title":"Intervention for executive functions development in early elementary school children: effects on learning and behaviour, and follow-up maintenance","volume":"37","author":"Dias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acdb.2017.04.004","article-title":"Interventions for primary school children with difficulties in mathematics","volume":"53","author":"Dowker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in child development and behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12068","article-title":"Does working memory training lead to generalized improvements in children with low working memory? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Dunning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1891\/1945-8959.9.3.227","article-title":"An evaluation of a classroom-based intervention to help overcome working memory difficulties and improve long-term academic achievement","volume":"9","author":"Elliott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143134","article-title":"Cognitive interventions targeting brain plasticity in the prodromal and early phases of schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Fisher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual review of clinical psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.2.345","article-title":"Mathematical disabilities: cognitive, neuropsychological, and genetic components","volume":"114","author":"Geary","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib25","first-page":"253","article-title":"Learning disabilities in arithmetic and mathematics","author":"Geary","year":"2005","journal-title":"Handbook of mathematical cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s11858-014-0659-y","article-title":"The role of cognitive inhibition in different components of arithmetic","volume":"47","author":"Gilmore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zdm"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/10986060802583923","article-title":"Patterns of individual differences in conceptual understanding and arithmetical skill: A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Gilmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mathematical Thinking and Learning"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6443","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320217111","article-title":"Far transfer to language and math of a short software-based gaming intervention","volume":"111","author":"Goldin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.1816","article-title":"Testing for near and far transfer effects with a short, face\u2010to\u2010face adaptive working memory training intervention in typical children","volume":"23","author":"Henry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infant and Child Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2003.08.003","article-title":"Sources of individual differences in fraction skills","volume":"86","author":"Hecht","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of experimental child psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00848.x","article-title":"Adaptive training leads to sustained enhancement of poor working memory in children","volume":"12","author":"Holmes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/14794802.2013.803779","article-title":"Catch up numeracy: a targeted intervention for children who are low-attaining in mathematics","volume":"15","author":"Holmes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research in Mathematics Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.11114\/jets.v5i5.2131","article-title":"Impact of working memory training targeting the central executive on Kindergarteners\u2019 numerical skills","volume":"5","author":"Honor\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Training Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9453","article-title":"Cognitive tutoring induces widespread neuroplasticity and remediates brain function in children with mathematical learning disabilities","volume":"6","author":"Iuculano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0965(03)00032-8","article-title":"Arithmetic fact mastery in young children: A longitudinal investigation","volume":"85","author":"Jordan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of experimental child psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.02.001","article-title":"Developmental predictors of fraction concepts and procedures","volume":"116","author":"Jordan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib37","series-title":"Cognitive Training","first-page":"199","article-title":"Executive function training","author":"Karbach","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.18662\/brain\/11.3\/106","article-title":"Formation of the Cognitive Component of Professionally-Oriented Mathematical Competence of Future Radio Specialists in the Context of Neuroplasticity of the Human","volume":"11","author":"Kolomiiets","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain.\u00a0BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01187","article-title":"Does multi-component strategy training improve calculation fluency among poor performing elementary school children?","volume":"9","author":"Koponen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2012.736483","article-title":"Training working memory in kindergarten children: Effects on working memory and early numeracy","volume":"20","author":"Kroesbergen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000205","article-title":"Developmental dyscalculia: Neurobiological, cognitive, and developmental perspectives","volume":"223","author":"Kuhn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib42","series-title":"Handbook of the Psychology of Aging","first-page":"105","article-title":"Research on human plasticity in adulthood: A lifespan agenda","author":"K\u00fchn","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib43","article-title":"Attentional performance and executive functions in children with learning difficulties","volume":"24","author":"Lima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psicologia: Reflex\u00e3o e Cr\u00edtica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00588","article-title":"Training on working memory and inhibitory control in young adults","volume":"10","author":"Maraver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00272","article-title":"Persistent differences in brain structure in developmental dyscalculia: a longitudinal morphometry study","volume":"14","author":"McCaskey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib46","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Conception and misconception in teaching arithmetic at primary level","volume":"7","author":"Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Critical Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib47","first-page":"323","article-title":"Adaptation and standardization of the IRAN KEY-MATH test of mathematics","volume":"2","author":"Mohammadesmaeil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Exceptional Children"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-010-0034-0","article-title":"Does working memory training work? The promise and challenges of enhancing cognition by training working memory","volume":"18","author":"Morrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychonomic bulletin & review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib49","article-title":"Developing and Crediting of Process-based Program to Enhance Executive Functions\" Farayesh\" For Students with Mathematical Learning Disabilities","author":"Nazari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2014.971726","article-title":"Working memory and early numeracy training in preschool children","volume":"22","author":"Passolunghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017","article-title":"PsychoPy\u2014psychophysics software in Python","volume":"162","author":"Peirce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2019.1677480","article-title":"Social attainment in physically well-functioning long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumour; the role of executive dysfunction, fatigue, and psychological and emotional symptoms","volume":"31","author":"Puhr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychological Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104796","article-title":"Is working memory training effective? A study in a school setting","volume":"9","author":"Rode","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100616661983","article-title":"Do \u201cbrain-training\u201d programs work?","volume":"17","author":"Simons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194030360050601","article-title":"The differential effects of teaching addition through strategy instruction versus drill and practice to students with and without learning disabilities","volume":"36","author":"Tournaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00525","article-title":"Improving executive function in childhood: evaluation of a training intervention for 5-year-old children","volume":"6","author":"Traverso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2478\/v10053-008-0083-3","article-title":"School based working memory training: Preliminary finding of improvement in children\u2019s mathematical performance","volume":"7","author":"Witt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Cognitive Psychology"}],"container-title":["Research in Developmental Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891422222000907?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891422222000907?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:01:27Z","timestamp":1760194887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891422222000907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0891422222000907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-4222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-4222","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of a process-based executive function intervention on arithmetic knowledge of children with Developmental Dyscalculia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Developmental Disabilities","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104260","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104260"}}