{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:23:08Z","timestamp":1770337388350,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2482,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]],"date-time":"2006-08-29T08:23:44Z","timestamp":1156839824000},"page":"1671-1681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Oral bacterial vaccines for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Arandjus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillippa J.","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wood Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Steurer-Stey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib1","first-page":"798","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and World Health Organization Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD): executive summary","volume":"46","author":"Pauwels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib2","series-title":"Morbidity and mortality: 2004 chartbook on cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases","year":"2004"},{"issue":"suppl. C","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(03)80027-6","article-title":"The burden of COPD in the UK: results from the Confronting COPD survey","volume":"97","author":"Britton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"suppl. C","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(03)80020-3","article-title":"Economic analysis of the confronting COPD survey: an overview of results","volume":"97","author":"Wouters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5288.740","article-title":"Evidence-based health policy\u2014lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"274","author":"Murray","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib6","author":"Mathers","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.2_suppl.5S","article-title":"The economic burden of COPD","volume":"117","author":"Sullivan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.7.373","article-title":"Antimicrobial management of acute exacerbation of chronic airflow limitation","volume":"94","author":"Davies","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7297.1259","article-title":"Preventing exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD","volume":"322","author":"Ekberg-Jansson","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib10","first-page":"828","article-title":"Protective effect of a bacterial extract against acute exacerbation in patients with chronic bronchitis accompanied by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.2306032","article-title":"Mucosal immunity in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a role for immunoglobulin A?","volume":"1","author":"Pilette","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.6.9612096","volume":"156","author":"Collet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.8.678","article-title":"Distinct effects of Broncho-Vaxom (OM-85 BV) on gp130 binding cytokines","volume":"55","author":"Roth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00441-1","article-title":"Killed whole bacterial cells, a mucosal delivery system for the induction of immunity in the respiratory tract and middle ear: an overview","volume":"17","author":"Kyd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3109\/08923978909082140","article-title":"Activation of natural killer cells and cytokine production in man by bacterial extracts","volume":"11","author":"Wybran","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.6.1783","article-title":"Local airways immune modifications induced by oral bacterial extracts in chronic bronchitis","volume":"103","author":"Lusuardi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"The immunomodulators Broncho-Vaxom and Uro-Vaxom stimulate the bacterial killing and oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by the activation of phosphatidylinositol turnover","volume":"4","author":"Nauek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Exp Clin Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.672","article-title":"Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses)","volume":"315","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00360-7","article-title":"The art of quality assessment of RCTs included in systematic reviews","volume":"54","author":"Verhagen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foxwell AR, Cripps AW, Dear KB. Haemophilus influenzae oral whole cell vaccination for preventing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. In: The Cochrane Library, issue 2. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 2003.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001958"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.5.1645","article-title":"Oral purified bacterial extracts in chronic bronchitis and COPD: systematic review","volume":"126","author":"Steurer-Stey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92559-0","article-title":"Oral immunisation with killed Haemophilus influenzae for protection against acute bronchitis in chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"2","author":"Clancy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb125268.x","article-title":"Protection against recurrent acute bronchitis after oral immunization with killed Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"152","author":"Clancy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165-Supplement_1-S194","article-title":"Specific protection against acute bronchitis associated with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"165","author":"Clancy","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.2.324","article-title":"Reduction in the incidence of acute bronchitis by an oral Haemophilus influenzae vaccine in patients with chronic bronchitis in the highlands of Papua New Guinea","volume":"144","author":"Lehmann","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1991.tb01346.x","article-title":"A controlled trial of a killed Haemophilus influenzae vaccine for prevention of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis","volume":"21","author":"Tandon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib27","first-page":"23","article-title":"Preventive effect of an immunomodulator, OM-85 BV, on acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in elderly patients. Preliminary results at six months in 291 patients","volume":"10","author":"Orcel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib28","first-page":"207","article-title":"Immunotherapy of recurrent respiratory infections. Double-blind study of a new immunomodulator in 60 patients [in French]","volume":"42","author":"Germouty","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev Pneumol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000195723","article-title":"Oral immunotherapy of chronic bronchitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre study","volume":"55","author":"Cvoriscec","year":"1989","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib30","first-page":"139","article-title":"Effect of Broncho-Vaxom on clinical and immunological parameters in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"5","author":"Djuric","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib31","first-page":"934","article-title":"Multicenter double-blind study of the action of Broncho-Vaxom in chronic bronchitis","volume":"114","author":"Keller","year":"1984","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib32","first-page":"424","article-title":"Clinical effects of oral immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Ahrens","year":"1983","journal-title":"Atemw Lungenkrkh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib33","first-page":"49","article-title":"Clinical and immunological efficacy of Broncho-Vaxom in chronic bronchitis: a double-blind study","volume":"19","author":"Khedr","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib34","first-page":"143","article-title":"Effect of a bacterial lysate (Broncho-Vaxom) in the therapy of chronic bronchitis: multi-center double-blind clinical trial","volume":"101","author":"Messerli","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev Med Suisse Romande"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib35","first-page":"146","article-title":"Pr\u00e4vention von Infektrezidiven der oberen und unteren Luftwege [in German]","volume":"18","author":"Fischer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Atemw Lungenkrkh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib36","first-page":"461","article-title":"Immunostimulation treatment with a bacteriolysate in recurring bacterial infections in chronic bronchitics","volume":"22","author":"Orlandi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Min Pneumol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib37","first-page":"330","article-title":"Use of a polyvalent bacterial lysate in patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections: results of a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"15","author":"Rutishauser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib38","first-page":"99","article-title":"Effect of a polyvalent bacterial extract, Broncho-Vaxom, in the prophylaxis of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis","volume":"4","author":"Tag El Din","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029_bib39","first-page":"225","article-title":"Effect of an oral polyvalent bacterial lysate (Broncho-Vaxom) in chronic bronchitis [in German]","volume":"38","author":"Keller","year":"1984","journal-title":"Prax Klin Pneumol"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611106003441?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611106003441?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:21:27Z","timestamp":1760610087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611106003441"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954611106003441"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oral bacterial vaccines for the prevention of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}