{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:37:49Z","timestamp":1777390669407,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2331,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,15]],"date-time":"2006-10-15T07:23:09Z","timestamp":1160896989000},"page":"423-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcomes of empyema thoracis in 117 patients: A comparative analysis of tuberculous vs. non-tuberculous aetiologies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.N.","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Jindal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)90443-T","article-title":"Empyema thoracis: 14 year experience at a teaching center","volume":"51","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.3.839","article-title":"Empyema of the thorax in adults. Etiology, microbiologic findings and management","volume":"103","author":"Alfageme","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042473","article-title":"UK Controlled Trial of Intrapleural Streptokinase for Pleural Infection","volume":"352","author":"Maskell","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.5.1502","article-title":"Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of empyema. A retrospective review in two military hospitals","volume":"103","author":"Brook","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.4.285","article-title":"The clinical course and management of empyema","volume":"89","author":"Ferguson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.3.839","article-title":"Empyema of the thorax in adults. Etiology, microbiologic findings and management","volume":"103","author":"Alfageme","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(96)00494-8","article-title":"Pleural empyema: 24-year experience","volume":"62","author":"Weissberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000129755.79467.67","article-title":"Recent advances in parapneumonic effusion and empyema","volume":"10","author":"Chapman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.6.1685","article-title":"A 10-year experience with bacteriology of acute thoracic empyema: emphasis on Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib10","first-page":"15","article-title":"Review of 100 cases of empyema thoracis","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ind J Chest Dis All Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib11","first-page":"15","article-title":"Conservative management of empyema thoracis and bronchopleural fistula","volume":"36","author":"Singh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ind J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-19","article-title":"A study of empyema thoracis and role of intrapleural streptokinase in its management","volume":"4","author":"Banga","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib13","first-page":"17","article-title":"Empyema thoracis: a review of 70 cases","volume":"27","author":"Aggarwal","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ind J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib14","first-page":"243","article-title":"Empyema of the thorax","volume":"14","author":"Jha","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ind J Chest Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib15","first-page":"127","article-title":"Tubercular empyema thoracis: a diagnostic and therapeutic problem","volume":"25","author":"Sharma","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ind J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib16","first-page":"82","article-title":"Tuberculous empyema","volume":"14","author":"Sahn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib17","unstructured":"Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenver FC, Yolken RH, editors. Mycobacterium Chapter 31. In: Manual of clinical microbiology, 6th ed. Washington DC: ASM Press; 1995. pp. 409\u201311."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib18","series-title":"Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology","first-page":"590","author":"Baron","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.9.2229-2234.1997","article-title":"Rapid detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens by using the automated BACTEC 9000 MB system and comparison with radiometric and solid-culture systems","volume":"35","author":"Pfyffer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.09.023","article-title":"Role of biochemical tests in the diagnosis of exudative pleural effusions","volume":"38","author":"Ernam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib21","first-page":"56","article-title":"Successful management of tubercular bronchopleural fistula with pyopneumothorax by saline irrigation","volume":"16","author":"Rosha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(99)00370-X","article-title":"Management of tuberculous empyema","volume":"17","author":"Al-Kattan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.1998.tb00132.x","article-title":"Tuberculous empyema","volume":"3","author":"Bai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90016-0","article-title":"Failure of drug penetration and acquisition of drug resistance in chronic tuberculous empyema","volume":"76","author":"Elliot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tubercle Lung Dis"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611106003891?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611106003891?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:26:59Z","timestamp":1760610419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611106003891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954611106003891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of empyema thoracis in 117 patients: A comparative analysis of tuberculous vs. non-tuberculous aetiologies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}