{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T20:36:23Z","timestamp":1775507783469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2209,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,20]],"date-time":"2007-03-20T06:51:22Z","timestamp":1174373482000},"page":"1383-1389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Induced sputum as a tool for early detection of airway inflammation in connective diseases-related lung involvement"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vatrella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Bocchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Galati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Spina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girolamo","family":"Pelaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sanduzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.1.235","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations associated with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"100","author":"Helmers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.2.9609016","article-title":"Interstitial lung disease in recent onset of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"156","author":"Gabbay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02238937","article-title":"Predictors of survival in 171 patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)","volume":"16","author":"Nagy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.171.1.2928513","article-title":"Chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease: comparison of diagnostic accuracy of CT and chest radiography","volume":"171","author":"Mathieson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(89)80072-1","article-title":"Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis: the detection of early changes by thin section CT scan, bronchoalveolar lavage and 99mTc-DTPA clearance","volume":"88","author":"Harrison","year":"1989","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib6","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis: indices of lung function in relation to extent of disease on computed tomography","volume":"40","author":"Wells","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000195913","article-title":"Bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage in progressive systemic sclerosis, interlobular variability, lymphocyte subpopulations, and functional correlations","volume":"58","author":"Frigieri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90425-D","article-title":"Evaluation and management of scleroderma lung disease using bronchoalveolar lavage","volume":"88","author":"Silver","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(94)90154-6","article-title":"The analysis of induced sputum to examine the effects of prednisone on airway inflammation in asthmatic subjects","volume":"94","author":"Claman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.1.7599862","article-title":"Comparison of samples collected by sputum induction and bronchoscopy from asthmatics and healthy subjects","volume":"152","author":"Fahy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520757","article-title":"Comparison of leukocyte counts in sputum, bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage","volume":"152","author":"Maestrelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9610008","article-title":"Safety of inducing sputum in patients with asthma of varying severity","volume":"157","author":"de la Fuente","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200009000-00004","article-title":"Induced sputum: diagnostic value in interstitial lung disease","volume":"6","author":"Olivieri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000083398","article-title":"Induced sputum versus bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the evaluation of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"72","author":"Antoniou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.6.1720","article-title":"Assessment of hazardous dust exposure by BAL and induced sputum","volume":"115","author":"Fireman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7233","article-title":"Induced sputum assessment in New York City firefighters exposed to World Trade Center dust","volume":"112","author":"Fireman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.6.1611","article-title":"Induced sputum in patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis. Comparison with bronchial wash and BAL","volume":"115","author":"D\u2019Ippolito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib18","first-page":"205","article-title":"Comparison of sputum induction with bronchoalveolar lavage cell differential counts in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"19","author":"Tsiligianni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.03.007","article-title":"Induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis","volume":"98","author":"D\u2019Ippolito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(99)90269-X","article-title":"Induced sputum compared to bronchoalveolar lavage for evaluating patients with sarcoidosis and non granulomatous interstitial lung disease","volume":"93","author":"Fireman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01843.x","article-title":"The use of induced sputum in the assessment of pulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease","volume":"95","author":"Fireman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.8.720","article-title":"Induced sputum examination: diagnosis of pulmonary involvement in Fabry's disease","volume":"55","author":"Kelly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00090-9","article-title":"Pulmonary disease in systemic lupus erythematous and the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Paran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib24","first-page":"713","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Clinical Guidelines","volume":"39","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib25","first-page":"202","article-title":"Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"LeRoy","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","article-title":"Standardisation of spirometry","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00035005","article-title":"Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes","volume":"26","author":"Wanger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034905","article-title":"Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung","volume":"26","author":"Macintyre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.188.2.8327704","article-title":"Pulmonary involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis: sequential evaluation with CT, pulmonary function tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage","volume":"188","author":"Remy-Jardin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.6.9901105","article-title":"Safety and reproducibility of sputum induction in asthmatic subjects in a multicenter study","volume":"163","author":"Fahy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02121.x","article-title":"T lymphocyte phenotypic profile in lung segments affected by cavitary and non-cavitary tuberculosis","volume":"132","author":"Mazzarella","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.2.87","article-title":"Effect of repeated sputum induction on cell counts in normal volunteers","volume":"53","author":"Nightingale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.9908057","article-title":"Induced sputum cellularity. References values and distribution in normal volunteers","volume":"162","author":"Spanevello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.2.9903097","article-title":"Induced sputum cell counts in healthy adults","volume":"161","author":"Belda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.2.8756799","article-title":"Indices of airway inflammation in induced sputum: reproducibility and validity of cell and fluid-phase measurements","volume":"154","author":"Pizzichini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.1.25","article-title":"Use of induced sputum cell counts to investigate airway inflammation in asthma","volume":"47","author":"Pin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16a27.x","article-title":"Induced sputum cell counts: their usefulness in clinical practice","volume":"16","author":"Jarawam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16f25.x","article-title":"Noninvasive methods to measure airway inflammation: future considerations","volume":"16","author":"Magnussen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.043471","article-title":"Neutrophilic inflammation and IL-8 levels in induced sputum of alpha-1-antitrypsin PiMZ subjects","volume":"61","author":"Malerba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib40","first-page":"138","article-title":"Neutrophilic inflammation in induced sputum of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Beeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.7.583","article-title":"Inhaled corticostroids reduce neutrophilic bronchial inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"53","author":"Confalonieri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000029466","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids may reduce neutrophilic inflammation in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"67","author":"Yildiz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.5.9811058","article-title":"Effect of high dose inhaled steroids on cells, cytokines, and proteases in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"160","author":"Culpitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.06.007","article-title":"Increase in airway neutrophils after oral but not inhaled corticosteroid therapy in mild asthma","volume":"99","author":"Nguyen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir Med"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611107000546?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611107000546?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:25:40Z","timestamp":1760610340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611107000546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954611107000546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Induced sputum as a tool for early detection of airway inflammation in connective diseases-related lung involvement","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}