{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:56:01Z","timestamp":1785207361012,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":730,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Research Council, Gothenburg, Sweden","award":["VGFOUREG-233551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUREG-233551"]}]},{"name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Research Council, Gothenburg, Sweden","award":["VGFOUREG-308431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUREG-308431"]}]},{"name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Research Council, Gothenburg, Sweden","award":["VGFOUREG-390031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUREG-390031"]}]},{"name":"Skaraborg Hospital","award":["VGSKAS-91151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGSKAS-91151"]}]},{"name":"Skaraborg Hospital","award":["VGSKAS-162881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGSKAS-162881"]}]},{"name":"Skaraborg Hospital","award":["VGSKAS-228231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGSKAS-228231"]}]},{"name":"Skaraborg Hospital","award":["VGSKAS-308701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGSKAS-308701"]}]},{"name":"The Research Fund at R&D Centre","award":["VGFOUSKB-81971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUSKB-81971"]}]},{"name":"The Research Fund at R&D Centre","award":["VGFOUSKB-227601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUSKB-227601"]}]},{"name":"Skaraborg Primary Care","award":["20110575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20110575"]}]},{"name":"The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation"},{"name":"SAKS Research Foundation, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T02:01:52Z","timestamp":1464660112000},"page":"92-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical characteristics of adult asthma associated with small airway dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Kjellberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.K.","family":"Houltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Zetterstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7397-105X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.D.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per M.","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-033OC","article-title":"Can guideline-defined asthma control be achieved? The gaining optimal asthma control study","volume":"170","author":"Bateman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.04.042","article-title":"Worldwide severity and control of asthma in children and adults: the global asthma insights and reality surveys","volume":"114","author":"Rabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00.16580200","article-title":"Clinical management of asthma in 1999: the Asthma Insights and Reality in Europe (AIRE) study","volume":"16","author":"Rabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70193-3","article-title":"Inflammation of small airways in asthma","volume":"100","author":"Hamid","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912772","article-title":"Alveolar tissue inflammation in asthma","volume":"154","author":"Kraft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.069682","article-title":"Ventilation heterogeneity is a major determinant of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, independent of airway inflammation","volume":"62","author":"Downie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.5.9809017","article-title":"Evidence of acinar airway involvement in asthma","volume":"159","author":"Verbanck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.10.032","article-title":"Pulmonary 3He magnetic resonance imaging of childhood asthma","volume":"131","author":"Cadman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.4.1055","article-title":"Evaluation of asthma with hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI: correlation with clinical severity and spirometry","volume":"130","author":"de Lange","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.07.032","article-title":"Role of small airways in asthma: investigation using high-resolution computed tomography","volume":"118","author":"Ueda","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.017","article-title":"The role of the small airways in the clinical expression of asthma in adults","volume":"129","author":"Farah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000115","article-title":"Small-airway disease in asthma: pharmacological considerations","volume":"21","author":"Usmani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00082407","article-title":"Ciclesonide improves measures of small airway involvement in asthma","volume":"31","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib14","first-page":"73","article-title":"Effects of hydrofluoroalkane and dry powder-formulated corticosteroid on sputum inflammatory markers in asthmatic patients","volume":"13","author":"Hauber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. Respir. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.09-OA-0122","article-title":"Comparison of effectiveness in ciclesonide and fluticasone propionate on small airway function in mild asthma","volume":"59","author":"Hoshino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2009.01.005","article-title":"Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on small airways in asthma: investigation using impulse oscillometry","volume":"22","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.02.008","article-title":"Asthma outcomes and costs of therapy with extrafine beclomethasone and fluticasone","volume":"132","author":"Colice","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-11-40","article-title":"Asthma control in patients receiving inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta2-agonist fixed combinations. A real-life study comparing dry powder inhalers and a pressurized metered dose inhaler extrafine formulation","volume":"11","author":"Muller","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.6.1824","volume":"121","author":"Juniper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.rsaa-2","article-title":"The physiology of small airways","volume":"157","author":"Macklem","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.3.395","article-title":"Resistance of central and peripheral airways measured by a retrograde catheter","volume":"22","author":"Macklem","year":"1967","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.4.1648","article-title":"Heterogeneous lung emptying during forced expiration","volume":"63","author":"McNamara","year":"1987","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1956.8.6.587","article-title":"Oscillation mechanics of lungs and chest in man","volume":"8","author":"Dubois","year":"1956","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101473","article-title":"Studies on intrapulmonary mixture of gases. V. Forms of inadequate ventilation in normal and emphysematous lungs, analyzed by means of breathing pure oxygen","volume":"23","author":"Darling","year":"1944","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib25","first-page":"72","article-title":"Forced oscillation technique and impulse oscillometry","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Mon."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00069712","article-title":"ERS\/ATS Consensus statement for inert gas washout measurement using multiple and single breath tests","volume":"41","author":"Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36083","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036083","article-title":"A\u00a0realistic validation study of a new nitrogen multiple-breath washout system","volume":"7","author":"Singer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01274.2013","article-title":"Slow and fast lung compartments in cystic fibrosis measured by nitrogen multiple-breath washout","volume":"117","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9710042","article-title":"Conductive and acinar lung-zone contributions to ventilation inhomogeneity in COPD","volume":"157","author":"Verbanck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.01.011","article-title":"Asthma control test: reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients not previously followed by asthma specialists","volume":"117","author":"Schatz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.01.010","article-title":"Concordance between supervised and postal administration of the mini asthma quality of life questionnaire (MiniAQLQ) and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) was very high","volume":"58","author":"Pinnock","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","article-title":"Standardisation of spirometry","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib33","first-page":"551","article-title":"Reference values for lung function tests in females. Regression equations with smoking variables","volume":"21","author":"Hedenstrom","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3109\/03009738609178670","article-title":"Reference values for lung function tests in men: regression equations with smoking variables","volume":"91","author":"Hedenstrom","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ups. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00201813","article-title":"Importance of concomitant local and systemic eosinophilia in uncontrolled asthma","volume":"44","author":"Schleich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00012415","article-title":"Biomarkers to identify sputum eosinophilia in different adult asthma phenotypes","volume":"46","author":"Westerhof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-037OC","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of airway alterations in smokers: the small airways revisited","volume":"170","author":"Verbanck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197410102911503","article-title":"Pathologic changes in the peripheral airways of young cigarette smokers","volume":"291","author":"Niewoehner","year":"1974","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-94","article-title":"West Sweden Asthma Study: prevalence trends over the last 18 years argues no recent increase in asthma","volume":"10","author":"Lotvall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-15-79","article-title":"Frequent cough in unsatisfactory controlled asthma\u2013results from the population-based West Sweden Asthma study","volume":"15","author":"Mincheva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00695-2015","article-title":"Transfer factor, lung volumes, resistance and ventilation distribution in healthy adults","volume":"47","author":"Verbanck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63366","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063366","article-title":"Reference values of impulse oscillometric lung function indices in adults of advanced age","volume":"8","author":"Schulz","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.108027","article-title":"The overlap syndrome of asthma and COPD: what are its features and how important is it?","volume":"64","author":"Gibson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611116301147?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611116301147?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T11:35:42Z","timestamp":1760614542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611116301147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0954611116301147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical characteristics of adult asthma associated with small airway dysfunction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}