{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T18:41:57Z","timestamp":1771008117009,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":730,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,16]],"date-time":"2016-07-16T20:56:02Z","timestamp":1468702562000},"page":"53-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Patent foramen ovale in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: Long-term risk and morbidity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5783-305X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Gallo de Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhay","family":"Vakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Moua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.032","article-title":"Definitions and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Hoeper","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01032-2015","volume":"46","author":"Galie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.029","article-title":"Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Humbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.033","article-title":"Pathologic assessment of vasculopathies in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Pietra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1460","article-title":"An evaluation of long-term survival from time of diagnosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension from the REVEAL Registry","volume":"142","author":"Benza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra040291","article-title":"Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"351","author":"Humbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.08.038","article-title":"Patent foramen ovale: current pathology, pathophysiology, and clinical status","volume":"46","author":"Hara","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60336-X","article-title":"Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts","volume":"59","author":"Hagen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.4065\/74.9.862","article-title":"Prevalence of potential risk factors for stroke assessed by transesophageal echocardiography and carotid ultrasonography: the SPARC study. stroke prevention: assessment of risk in a community","volume":"74","author":"Meissner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00200701","article-title":"Patent foramen ovale causing position-dependent shunting in a patient, when laying down her corset","volume":"18","author":"Grutters","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib11","first-page":"782","article-title":"Patent foramen ovale and brain infarct. Echocardiographic predictors, recurrence, and prevention. Stroke","volume":"25","author":"Hanna","year":"1994","journal-title":"A\u00a0J. Cereb. circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2009.03.009","article-title":"Successful up-front combination therapy in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension and patent foramen ovale: an alternative to epoprostenol therapy? the journal of heart and lung transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Pitsiou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Official Publ. Int. Soc. Heart Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib13","first-page":"701","article-title":"The effect of patent foramen ovale closure in patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions","volume":"86","author":"Mojadidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Official J. Soc. Cardiac Angiogr. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91016-Y","article-title":"Successful palliation of primary pulmonary hypertension by atrial septostomy","volume":"65","author":"Hausknecht","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2654","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00072.2012","article-title":"Atrial septostomy benefits severe pulmonary hypertension patients by increase of left ventricular preload reserve. american journal of physiology","volume":"302","author":"Koeken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart circulatory Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00416-6","article-title":"Atrial septostomy as a bridge to lung transplantation in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"84","author":"Rothman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib17","series-title":"The Heart: Arteries and Veins","author":"Hurst","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.6.1504","article-title":"The incidence of patent foramen ovale in 1,000 consecutive patients. a contrast transesophageal echocardiography study","volume":"107","author":"Fisher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib19","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic techniques for the detection of a patent foramen ovale in stroke patients. Stroke","volume":"24","author":"Di Tullio","year":"1993","journal-title":"A\u00a0J. Cereb. circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90706-F","article-title":"Detection of left-to-right shunt in atrial septal defect by negative contrast echocardiography: a comparison of transthoracic and transesophageal approach","volume":"126","author":"Konstantinides","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90705-E","article-title":"Superiority of transesophageal echocardiography in detecting cardiac source of embolism in patients with cerebral ischemia of uncertain etiology","volume":"17","author":"Pearson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.6.1673","article-title":"The prevalence and significance of a patent foramen ovale in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"104","author":"Nootens","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.03.007","article-title":"Scope of problem of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"128","author":"Stein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2011.07.001","article-title":"[Patent foramen ovale and hypoxaemia with or without elevated right heart pressures]","volume":"28","author":"Bancal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Des. Mal. Respir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.1.91","article-title":"Prevalence of patent foramen ovale and its contribution to hypoxemia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"113","author":"Shanoudy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(99)70121-5","article-title":"Increased prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Soliman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography Official Publ. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085657","article-title":"Resting arterial hypoxaemia in subjects with chronic heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and patent foramen ovale","volume":"101","author":"Lovering","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1_suppl.63S","article-title":"Surgical treatments\/interventions for pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"126","author":"Doyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.5.675","article-title":"Primary pulmonary hypertension. length of survival in patients referred for heart-lung transplantation","volume":"91","author":"Glanville","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.01.004","volume":"53","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02964-9","article-title":"Pulmonary function in primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"41","author":"Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp043981","article-title":"Clinical practice. patent foramen ovale in young adults with unexplained stroke","volume":"353","author":"Kizer","year":"2005","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.044","article-title":"Patent foramen ovale: innocent or guilty? Evidence from a prospective population-based study","volume":"47","author":"Meissner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0","article-title":"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Lozano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611116301548?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611116301548?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T11:34:58Z","timestamp":1760614498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611116301548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0954611116301548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Patent foramen ovale in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: Long-term risk and morbidity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}