{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:50:52Z","timestamp":1790859052165,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T15:29:04Z","timestamp":1529422144000},"page":"26-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Diagnostic chest ultrasound for acute respiratory failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Wallbridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Steinfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5729-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tunn Ren","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2004","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of acute respiratory failure in the United States, 2001 to 2009: a national survey","volume":"8","author":"Stefan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201206-034OC","article-title":"Use of noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure, 2000-2009: a population-based study","volume":"10","author":"Walkey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America\/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults","volume":"44","author":"Mandell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1086\/498909","article-title":"The duration of hypotension before the initiation of antibiotic treatment is a critical determinant of survival in a murine model of Escherichia coli septic shock: association with serum lactate and inflammatory cytokine levels","volume":"193","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3133-3","article-title":"Impact of lung ultrasound on clinical decision making in critically ill patients","volume":"40","author":"Xirouchaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2317-y","article-title":"Lung ultrasound in critically ill patients: comparison with bedside chest radiography","volume":"37","author":"Xirouchaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc362","article-title":"Intrahospital transport of critically ill patients","volume":"3","author":"Waydhas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-015-1373-y","article-title":"Significant but reasonable radiation exposure from computed tomography-related medical imaging in the ICU","volume":"23","author":"Slovis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2281020874","article-title":"Radiation exposure at chest CT: a statement of the Fleischner Society","volume":"228","author":"Mayo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.427","article-title":"Radiation dose associated with common computed tomography examinations and the associated lifetime attributable risk of cancer","volume":"169","author":"Smith-Bindman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0882","article-title":"Focused sonography of the heart, lungs, and deep veins identifies missed life-threatening conditions in admitted patients with acute respiratory symptoms","volume":"144","author":"Laursen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4926","article-title":"Acute respiratory failure in the elderly: etiology, emergency diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"10","author":"Ray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.56","article-title":"Expert consensus document: echocardiography and lung ultrasonography for the assessment and management of acute heart failure","volume":"14","author":"Price","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.09.011","volume":"67","author":"Rybicki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13328","article-title":"Physician-performed chest ultrasound: progress and future directions","volume":"47","author":"Denton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9101100203","article-title":"The efficacy of diagnostic imaging","volume":"11","author":"Fryback","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med. Decis. Making"},{"issue":"141","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0047-2016","article-title":"The efficacy of bedside chest ultrasound: from accuracy to outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Hew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2513-4","article-title":"International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound","volume":"38","author":"Volpicelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2946","article-title":"Diagnosis of pneumothorax by radiography and ultrasonography: a meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"Ding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0131","article-title":"Test characteristics of ultrasonography for the detection of pneumothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Alrajhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13016","article-title":"Pleural ultrasonography versus chest radiography for the diagnosis of pneumothorax: review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Alrajab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib22","first-page":"29","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasonography versus chest radiography for identification of pneumothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.6.1003","article-title":"Bedside sonography for detection of postprocedure pneumothorax","volume":"32","author":"Shostak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000125","article-title":"Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of pneumothorax following transbronchial lung biopsy","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c0328f","article-title":"Ultrasound localization of central vein catheter and detection of postprocedural pneumothorax: an alternative to chest radiography","volume":"38","author":"Vezzani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2224","article-title":"Pleural ultrasound compared with chest radiographic detection of pneumothorax resolution after drainage","volume":"138","author":"Galbois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2800","article-title":"Relevance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure: the BLUE protocol","volume":"134","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0167","article-title":"Usefulness of cardiothoracic chest ultrasound in the management of acute respiratory failure in critical care practice","volume":"144","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0681","article-title":"Integrated use of bedside lung ultrasound and echocardiography in acute respiratory failure: a prospective observational study in ICU","volume":"146","author":"Bataille","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.3.545","article-title":"COPD can mimic the appearance of pneumothorax on thoracic ultrasound","volume":"129","author":"Slater","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340000627","article-title":"The \u201clung point\u201d: an ultrasound sign specific to pneumothorax","volume":"26","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"787","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-66-787-619","article-title":"The sonographic appearances of pleural fluid","volume":"66","author":"Lomas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.100545","article-title":"Thoracic ultrasound in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion","volume":"64","author":"Qureshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.1.1609716","article-title":"Value of sonography in determining the nature of pleural effusion: analysis of 320 cases","volume":"159","author":"Yang","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1286","article-title":"Pleural effusion: characterization with CT attenuation values and CT appearance","volume":"192","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802010000200009","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of sonography for pleural effusion: systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Grimberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Screening performance characteristic of ultrasonography and radiography in detection of pleural effusion; a meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Yousefifard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerge"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-6-16","article-title":"Chest sonography: a useful tool to differentiate acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema from acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Copetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Ultrasound"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00602-1","article-title":"The role of thoracic ultrasonography for evaluation of patients with decompensated chronic heart failure","volume":"35","author":"Kataoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.12.027","article-title":"Pleural effusions at first ED encounter predict worse clinical outcomes in patients with pneumonia","volume":"149","author":"Dean","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007838","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasound for CT-detected radiographic consolidation in hospitalised adults with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Hew","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2075-6","article-title":"Ultrasound diagnosis of alveolar consolidation in the critically ill","volume":"30","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200401000-00006","article-title":"Comparative diagnostic performances of auscultation, chest radiography, and lung ultrasonography in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2281","article-title":"The dynamic air bronchogram. A lung ultrasound sign of alveolar consolidation ruling out atelectasis","volume":"135","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib45","first-page":"115","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia: a bivariate meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-15-50","article-title":"Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Chavez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130066","article-title":"Accuracy of lung ultrasonography versus chest radiography for the diagnosis of adult community-acquired pneumonia: review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0369OC","article-title":"Bedside ultrasound assessment of positive end-expiratory pressure-induced lung recruitment","volume":"183","author":"Bouhemad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-008-0734-1","article-title":"Using sonography to assess lung recruitment in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Gardelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Radiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12232","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Squizzato","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemostasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129909","article-title":"Role of transthoracic lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0797","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment of pulmonary embolism in patients receiving CT pulmonary angiography","volume":"145","author":"Koenig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1087","article-title":"Accuracy of point-of-care multiorgan ultrasonography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism","volume":"145","author":"Nazerian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1531","article-title":"Thoracic ultrasound for diagnosing pulmonary embolism: a prospective multicenter study of 352 patients","volume":"128","author":"Mathis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03938.x","article-title":"Subsegmental pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography: incidence and clinical implications. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the management outcome studies","volume":"8","author":"Carrier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemostasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1999.18.6.403","article-title":"Ring-down artifacts posterior to the right hemidiaphragm on abdominal sonography: sign of pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2009.28.2.163","article-title":"Sonographic interstitial syndrome: the sound of lung water","volume":"28","author":"Soldati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.2.533","article-title":"Chest ultrasonography in lung contusion","volume":"130","author":"Soldati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2012.02816.x","article-title":"Chest ultrasound in practice: a review of utility in the clinical setting","volume":"42","author":"Hew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2694-x","article-title":"Lung water assessment by lung ultrasonography in intensive care: a pilot study","volume":"39","author":"Baldi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.10.009","article-title":"Ultrasound lung comets for the differential diagnosis of acute cardiogenic dyspnoea: a comparison with natriuretic peptides","volume":"10","author":"Gargani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-011-0709-1","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of pleural and lung ultrasound in discriminating cardiogenic causes of acute dyspnea in the emergency department","volume":"7","author":"Cibinel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000300","article-title":"Lung ultrasound predicts well extravascular lung water but is of limited usefulness in the prediction of wedge pressure","volume":"121","author":"Volpicelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1811","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment for extravascular lung water in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Time course for resolution","volume":"135","author":"Noble","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.02.012","article-title":"Usefulness of ultrasound lung comets as a nonradiologic sign of extravascular lung water","volume":"93","author":"Jambrik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2013.32.1.115","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability of quantifying pleural B-lines using multiple counting methods","volume":"32","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12435","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients presenting with acute dyspnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Al Deeb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12878","article-title":"Diagnosing acute heart failure in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Martindale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.10.009","article-title":"Transthoracic ultrasound in the evaluation of pulmonary fibrosis: our experience","volume":"35","author":"Sperandeo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2007.10.002","article-title":"Ultrasound in the evaluation of interstitial pneumonia","volume":"11","author":"Lo Giudice","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120104","article-title":"Ultrasound in the assessment of pulmonary fibrosis in connective tissue disorders: correlation with high-resolution computed tomography","volume":"39","author":"Tardella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib72","first-page":"562","article-title":"Diagnostic performances of high resolution trans-thoracic lung ultrasonography in pulmonary alveoli-interstitial involvement of rheumatoid lung disease","volume":"6","author":"Aghdashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.11152\/mu.2014.2066.161.am1so2","article-title":"Comparison of a new, modified lung ultrasonography technique with high-resolution CT in the diagnosis of the alveolo-interstitial syndrome of systemic scleroderma","volume":"16","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.09.014","article-title":"Bedside ultrasound of the lung for the monitoring of acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"26","author":"Volpicelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2003.22.2.173","article-title":"Transthoracic sonography of diffuse parenchymal lung disease: the role of comet tail artifacts","volume":"22","author":"Reissig","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.128856","article-title":"B-lines: Transthoracic chest ultrasound signs useful in assessment of interstitial lung diseases","volume":"9","author":"Hasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep263","article-title":"Ultrasound lung comets in systemic sclerosis: a chest sonography hallmark of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis","volume":"48","author":"Gargani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.6.597","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of diaphragmatic motion","volume":"20","author":"Gerscovich","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23671","article-title":"Neuromuscular ultrasound for evaluation of the diaphragm","volume":"47","author":"Sarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1007236","article-title":"Dysfunction of the diaphragm","volume":"366","author":"McCool","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.5.9154859","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation of the paralyzed diaphragm","volume":"155","author":"Gottesman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.11.1157","article-title":"In vivo assessment of diaphragm contraction by ultrasound in normal subjects","volume":"50","author":"Ueki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04746","article-title":"Diaphragmatic dysfunction is characterized by increased duration of mechanical ventilation in subjects with prolonged weaning","volume":"61","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4524-z","article-title":"Assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction in the critically ill patient with ultrasound: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Zambon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-016-9911-2","article-title":"Change in diaphragmatic thickness during the respiratory cycle predicts extubation success at various levels of pressure support ventilation","volume":"194","author":"Blumhof","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204111","article-title":"Diaphragm ultrasound as a predictor of successful extubation from mechanical ventilation","volume":"69","author":"DiNino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.08.028","article-title":"Diaphragm and lung ultrasound to predict weaning outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"152","author":"Llamas-Alvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0503300117","article-title":"Predictors of physician confidence to diagnose pneumonia and determine illness severity in ventilated patients. Australian and New Zealand practice in intensive care (ANZPIC II)","volume":"33","author":"Boots","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anaesth. Intensive Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0291","article-title":"Epidemiology, Patterns of care, and Mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress Syndrome in intensive care Units in 50 countries","volume":"315","author":"Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib90","first-page":"1374","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula Oxygen in respiratory failure","volume":"373","author":"Frat","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318236f64f","article-title":"Clinical diagnoses and autopsy findings: discrepancies in critically ill patients*","volume":"40","author":"Tejerina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318264c621","article-title":"Deep impact of ultrasound in the intensive care unit: the \u201cICU-sound\u201d protocol","volume":"117","author":"Manno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70135-3","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasonography in patients admitted with respiratory symptoms: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Laursen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2054270417695055","article-title":"A prospective cohort study of thoracic ultrasound in acute respiratory failure: the C3PO protocol","volume":"8","author":"Wallbridge","year":"2017","journal-title":"JRSM Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-017-0113-8","article-title":"Could the use of bedside lung ultrasound reduce the number of chest x-rays in the intensive care unit?","volume":"15","author":"Brogi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Ultrasound"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib96","first-page":"41","article-title":"Implementation of lung ultrasound in polyvalent intensive care unit: impact on irradiation and medical cost","volume":"34","author":"Zieleskiewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2014.12.012","article-title":"Advanced imaging use in intensive care units has decreased, resulting in lower charges without negative effects on patient outcomes","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-016-0043-y","article-title":"Focused cardiopulmonary ultrasound for assessment of dyspnea in a resource-limited setting","volume":"8","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Ultrasound J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-9-4","article-title":"Impact of the introduction of ultrasound services in a limited resource setting: rural Rwanda 2008","volume":"9","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Int. Health Hum. Right"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0584OC","article-title":"Hospital incidence and outcomes of the acute respiratory distress syndrome using the kigali modification of the berlin definition","volume":"193","author":"Riviello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.02.643","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of substituting lung ultrasonography for chest radiography when diagnosing pneumonia in children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"150","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018_bib102","first-page":"344","article-title":"Assessing the value of diagnostic tests: a framework for designing and evaluating trials","author":"Ferrante di Ruffano","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611118302099?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611118302099?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T11:41:13Z","timestamp":1760614873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611118302099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["S0954611118302099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnostic chest ultrasound for acute respiratory failure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.06.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}