{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:29:26Z","timestamp":1777904966756,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":731,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zambon"},{"name":"AstraZeneca"},{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Takeda\/Nycomed"},{"name":"Zambon Company SpA"},{"name":"US NIH"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hainan Zambon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T12:52:14Z","timestamp":1547038334000},"page":"37-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of smoking status and concomitant medications on the effect of high-dose N-acetylcysteine on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: A post-hoc analysis of the PANTHEON study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6924-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Papi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard J.","family":"Criner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo M.","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter M.A.","family":"Calverley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib1","series-title":"Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","author":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2002.1334","article-title":"The costs of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"96","author":"Andersson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S90148","article-title":"COPD exacerbation frequency and its association with health care resource utilization and costs","volume":"10","author":"Dhamane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib4","first-page":"300","article-title":"COPD exacerbation frequency, pharmacotherapy and resource use: an observational study in UK primary care","volume":"11","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S54417","article-title":"COPD management costs according to the frequency of COPD exacerbations in UK primary care","volume":"9","author":"Punekar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.00002215","article-title":"Influence of N-acetylcysteine on chronic bronchitis or COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Cazzola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2357","article-title":"High-dose N-acetylcysteine in stable COPD: the 1-year, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled HIACE study","volume":"144","author":"Tse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70286-8","article-title":"Twice daily N-acetylcysteine 600 mg for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PANTHEON): a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-2-196","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"106","author":"Anthonisen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66456-2","article-title":"Effects of N-acetylcysteine on outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Bronchitis Randomized on NAC Cost-Utility Study, BRONCUS): a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"365","author":"Decramer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2012.732628","article-title":"High-dose N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of COPD exacerbations: rationale and design of the PANTHEON study","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-8-200704170-00152","article-title":"Tiotropium in combination with placebo, salmeterol, or fluticasone-salmeterol for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial","volume":"146","author":"Aaron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62410-7","article-title":"Effect of roflumilast on exacerbations in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease uncontrolled by combination therapy (REACT): a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Martinez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104623","article-title":"COPD clinical research network, azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD","volume":"365","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805800","article-title":"A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"359","author":"Tashkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063070","article-title":"On behalf of the TORCH Investigators, Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"356","author":"Calverley","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0449OC","article-title":"FULFIL Trial: once-daily triple therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"196","author":"Lipson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31354-X","article-title":"Single inhaler triple therapy versus inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting \u03b22-agonist therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRILOGY): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial","volume":"388","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30188-5","article-title":"Single inhaler extra fine triple therapy versus long-acting muscarinic antagonist therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRINITY): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Vestbo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30206-X","article-title":"Extrafine inhaled triple therapy versus dual bronchodilator therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRIBUTE): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Papi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1713901","article-title":"For the IMPACT investigators, Once-daily single-inhaler triple versus dual therapy in patients with COPD","volume":"378","author":"Lipson","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30327-8","article-title":"Triple therapy with budesonide\/glycopyrrolate\/formoterol fumarate with co-suspension delivery technology versus dual therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (KRONOS): a double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre, ph 3 randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Ferguson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00084114","article-title":"Early-life origins of chronic respiratory diseases: understanding and promoting healthy ageing","volume":"44","author":"Carraro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2015.1067765","article-title":"CRONICAS Cohort Study Group, Urbanization and daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke both contribute to chronic bronchitis risk in a population with low prevalence of daily tobacco smoking","volume":"13","author":"Miele","year":"2016","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S111145","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and COPD among low- and middle-income countries","volume":"11","author":"Grigsby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61303-9","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers","volume":"374","author":"Salvi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201310-1863PP","article-title":"Minimal clinically important differences in pharmacological trials","volume":"189","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2012.733463","article-title":"Do we know the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for COPD exacerbations?","volume":"10","author":"Chapman","year":"2013","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014_bib29","first-page":"CD002991","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095461111930006X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095461111930006X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T11:42:19Z","timestamp":1760614939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095461111930006X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S095461111930006X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of smoking status and concomitant medications on the effect of high-dose N-acetylcysteine on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: A post-hoc analysis of the PANTHEON study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.12.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}