{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T22:40:33Z","timestamp":1775774433770,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":731,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T01:52:46Z","timestamp":1567216366000},"page":"42-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Asthma phenotypes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Tunn Ren","family":"Tay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue Ning","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Yii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kian Fan","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiong Huak","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang Siang","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augustine","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariko S.","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.042","article-title":"The prevalence of severe refractory asthma","volume":"135","author":"Hekking","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"145","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0064-2017","article-title":"Personalised medicine in asthma: time for action: number 1 in the series \"personalised medicine in respiratory diseases\" edited by Renaud Louis and Nicolas Roche","volume":"26","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69290-8","article-title":"Asthma: defining of the persistent adult phenotypes","volume":"368","author":"Wenzel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.08.048","article-title":"U-BIOPRED clinical adult asthma clusters linked to a subset of sputum omics","volume":"139","author":"Lefaudeux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102987","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102987","article-title":"British thoracic society severe refractory asthma network. Statistical cluster analysis of the British thoracic society severe refractory asthma registry: clinical outcomes and phenotype stability","volume":"9","author":"Newby","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711-1754OC","article-title":"Cluster analysis and clinical asthma phenotypes","volume":"178","author":"Haldar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0896OC","article-title":"National heart L, blood institute's severe asthma research program. Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the severe asthma research program","volume":"181","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.042","article-title":"Unsupervised phenotyping of Severe Asthma Research Program participants using expanded lung data","volume":"133","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00100811","article-title":"Identification of asthma clusters in two independent Korean adult asthma cohorts","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.12-OA-0467","article-title":"Asthma phenotypes in Japanese adults - their associations with the CCL5 and ADRB2 genotypes","volume":"62","author":"Kaneko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.07.016","article-title":"Identification and validation of asthma phenotypes in Chinese population using cluster analysis","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13159","article-title":"Long-term future risk of severe exacerbations: distinct 5-year trajectories of problematic asthma","volume":"72","author":"Yii","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-060ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice","volume":"180","author":"Reddel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.10.006","article-title":"Phenotypes determined by cluster analysis in severe or difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"133","author":"Schatz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.08.008","article-title":"Sex-specific asthma phenotypes, inflammatory patterns, and asthma control in a cluster analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hsiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00957-2017","article-title":"Phenotypes of symptomatic airways disease in China and New Zealand","author":"Fingleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201701-065OC","article-title":"Distinct phenotypes of smokers with fixed airflow limitation identified by cluster Analysis of severe asthma","volume":"15","author":"Konno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib21","first-page":"81","article-title":"Patient profiles and clinical utility of mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"11","author":"Haldar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201312-454OC","article-title":"Cluster analysis and characterization of response to mepolizumab. A step closer to personalized medicine for patients with severe asthma","volume":"11","author":"Ortega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.01.027","article-title":"Cluster Analysis on longitudinal data of patients with adult-onset asthma","volume":"5","author":"Ilmarinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13134","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.018","article-title":"Differences in asthma genetics between Chinese and other populations","volume":"133","author":"Leung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2018.1449833","article-title":"How does race\/ethnicity influence pharmacological response to asthma therapies?","volume":"14","author":"Cazzola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metabol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12971","article-title":"Microbiomes in respiratory health and disease: an Asia-Pacific perspective","volume":"22","author":"Chotirmall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.04.011","article-title":"Endotypes of allergic diseases and asthma: an important step in building blocks for the future of precision medicine","volume":"65","author":"Agache","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0156OC","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up of cluster-based asthma phenotypes in adults. A pooled analysis of three cohorts","volume":"188","author":"Boudier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095461111930280X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095461111930280X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T11:55:39Z","timestamp":1760615739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095461111930280X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S095461111930280X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Asthma phenotypes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}