{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:05:09Z","timestamp":1783382709163,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":730,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008126","name":"Jeju National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T11:34:11Z","timestamp":1580384051000},"page":"105890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with emphysema progression in male patients with COPD"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Changhwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousang","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Ye","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin Kook","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Yong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Ha","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Beom","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon-Mok","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Do","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Bum","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2018.0035","article-title":"Direct and indirect costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea","volume":"82","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tuberc. Respir. Dis."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105482","article-title":"Changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second over time in COPD","volume":"365","author":"Vestbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-0992OC","article-title":"Annual change in pulmonary function and clinical phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"185","author":"Nishimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1548-6","article-title":"Evolution of emphysema in relation to smoking","volume":"20","author":"Bellomi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-55","article-title":"Rate of progression of CT-quantified emphysema in male current and ex-smokers: a follow-up study","volume":"14","author":"Mohamed Hoesein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0736OC","article-title":"Clinical and immunological factors in emphysema progression. Five-year prospective longitudinal exacerbation study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (LES-COPD)","volume":"192","author":"Bhavani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70006-7","article-title":"The presence and progression of emphysema in COPD as determined by CT scanning and biomarker expression: a prospective analysis from the ECLIPSE study","volume":"1","author":"Coxson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.120659","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in COPD and correlates with variants in the vitamin D-binding gene","volume":"65","author":"Janssens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386960-9.00017-4","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a vicious circle","volume":"86","author":"Janssens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201110-1868OC","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and lung function in the Normative Aging Study","volume":"186","author":"Lange","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038934","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with low levels of vitamin D","volume":"7","author":"Persson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.02.011","article-title":"Deletion of vitamin D receptor leads to premature emphysema\/COPD by increased matrix metalloproteinases and lymphoid aggregates formation","volume":"406","author":"Sundar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00132","article-title":"Modeling the influence of vitamin D deficiency on cigarette smoke-induced emphysema","volume":"4","author":"Crane-Godreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200606-828OC","article-title":"Sex differences in severe pulmonary emphysema","volume":"176","author":"Martinez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00004","article-title":"High doses of vitamin D to reduce exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial","volume":"156","author":"Lehouck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.2.7633722","article-title":"Comparison of computed density and macroscopic morphometry in pulmonary emphysema","volume":"152","author":"Gevenois","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2012.671536","article-title":"Vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral density and functional exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"45","author":"Romme","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000445266","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is associated with rapid decline in exercise capacity in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"91","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-016-0561-5","article-title":"COPD immunopathology","volume":"38","author":"Caramori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.11.003","article-title":"Enhanced activation of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and experimental smoking-induced emphysema","volume":"195","author":"Qiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200810-1576PP","article-title":"Vitamin D beyond bones in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: time to act","volume":"179","author":"Janssens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201109-1644OC","article-title":"Vitamin D levels and risk of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"185","author":"Kunisaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S101382","article-title":"The association between vitamin D and COPD risk, severity, and exacerbation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-014-0131-0","article-title":"Severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with frequent exacerbations and hospitalization in COPD patients","volume":"15","author":"Malinovschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Res."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611120300305?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611120300305?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T11:56:16Z","timestamp":1760615776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611120300305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0954611120300305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with emphysema progression in male patients with COPD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105890","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105890"}}