{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:22:19Z","timestamp":1790266939629,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T22:17:19Z","timestamp":1610144239000},"page":"106294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["High expression of mTOR signaling in granulomatous lesions is not predictive for the clinical course of sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Pizzini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Bacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Aichner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Watzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Tancevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Sonnweber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Mosheimer-Feistritzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Duftner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Zelger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Pallua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Sprung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Weichhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Zelger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"L\u00f6ffler-Ragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071714","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"357","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704243361706","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"336","author":"Newman","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970330","article-title":"Genetics of sarcoidosis","volume":"28","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-249OC","article-title":"A case control etiologic study of sarcoidosis: environmental and occupational risk factors","volume":"170","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.11.022","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of familial sarcoidosis: a systematic literature review","volume":"149","author":"Terwiel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47010.x","article-title":"Immunologic components of granuloma formation. Epithelioid cells, giant cells, and sarcoidosis","volume":"278","author":"Spector","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02265","article-title":"Metabolic programming of macrophages: implications in the pathogenesis of granulomatous disease","volume":"10","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90570-3","article-title":"RAFT1: a mammalian protein that binds to FKBP12 in a rapamycin-dependent fashion and is homologous to yeast TORs","volume":"78","author":"Sabatini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12711","article-title":"mTORC1 and mTORC2 as regulators of cell metabolism in immunity","volume":"591","author":"Linke","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0217-x","article-title":"Metabolism as a guiding force for immunity","volume":"21","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2019.12.700","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of Salmonella infected macrophages and its modulation by iron availability and the mTOR pathway","volume":"6","author":"Telser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(03)00114-X","article-title":"GbetaL, a positive regulator of the rapamycin-sensitive pathway required for the nutrient-sensitive interaction between raptor and mTOR","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2007.05.008","article-title":"Defining the role of mTOR in cancer","volume":"12","author":"Guertin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Canc. Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004","article-title":"mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease","volume":"168","author":"Saxton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2016.1151581","article-title":"4E-BP1, a multifactor regulated multifunctional protein","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20110892","article-title":"Regulation and function of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) within mTOR signalling networks","volume":"441","author":"Magnuson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI73939","article-title":"mTOR: a pharmacologic target for autophagy regulation","volume":"125","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3655","article-title":"Chronic signaling via the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTORC1 induces macrophage granuloma formation and marks sarcoidosis progression","volume":"18","author":"Linke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2016.10.13","article-title":"Ki-67 expression in pulmonary tumors","volume":"5","author":"Chirieac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib20","first-page":"191","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of sarcoid granulomas. Evaluation of Ki67+ and interleukin-1+ cells","volume":"131","author":"Chilosi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00430-2019","article-title":"Exome sequencing and pathogenicity-network analysis of five French families implicate mTOR signalling and autophagy in familial sarcoidosis","volume":"54","author":"Calender","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805958","article-title":"Tofacitinib treatment and molecular analysis of cutaneous sarcoidosis","volume":"379","author":"Damsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2011.01256.x","article-title":"Successful treatment of systemic de novo sarcoidosis with cyclosporine discontinuation and provision of rapamune after liver transplantation","volume":"24","author":"Manzia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"issue":"5261","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5261.1165","article-title":"Prognosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis in England. A review of 136 cases after five years' observation","volume":"2","author":"SCADDING","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-742OC","article-title":"Phenotyping sarcoidosis from a pulmonary perspective","volume":"177","author":"Prasse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201010-1679OC","article-title":"Sarcoidosis-related mortality in the United States from 1988 to 2007","volume":"183","author":"Swigris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2011.06.012","article-title":"Overexpression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and angioinvasion are poor prognostic factors in early stage NSCLC: a verification study","volume":"75","author":"Gately","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung Canc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12127","article-title":"Phospho-mTOR is not upregulated in metastatic SDHB paragangliomas","volume":"43","author":"Ghayee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.07.010","article-title":"Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme has a high negative predictive value in the investigation for systemic sarcoidosis","volume":"194","author":"Niederer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-015-9826-3","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of angiotensin-converting enzyme in sarcoidosis: a population-based study","volume":"194","author":"Ungprasert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13792","article-title":"Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor level is more sensitive than angiotensin-converting enzyme or lysozyme for diagnosis of sarcoidosis and may be a marker of multiple organ involvement","volume":"44","author":"Thi Hong Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s12348-010-0015-5","article-title":"A retrospective review of oral low-dose sirolimus (rapamycin) for the treatment of active uveitis","volume":"1","author":"Phillips","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.01.007","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and the mTOR, Rac1, and autophagy triad","volume":"41","author":"Pacheco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168085","article-title":"Phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin p-mTOR is a favorable prognostic factor than mTOR in gastric cancer","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294_bib35","first-page":"7009","article-title":"Expression of phospho-mTOR kinase is abundant in colorectal cancer and associated with left-sided tumor localization","volume":"8","author":"Melling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611120304340?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611120304340?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:11:31Z","timestamp":1760616691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611120304340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0954611120304340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High expression of mTOR signaling in granulomatous lesions is not predictive for the clinical course of sarcoidosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106294","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106294"}}