{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T18:48:16Z","timestamp":1774723696239,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":731,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T16:30:58Z","timestamp":1683045058000},"page":"107262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["There is still no established and accepted definition of COPD"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"214","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4895-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Cazzola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2285-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb14239.x","article-title":"The slow space in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"121","author":"Briscoe","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Asthmatic bronchitis","volume":"3","author":"Griffith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib3","first-page":"225","article-title":"Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, November 1986","volume":"136","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib4","first-page":"S77","article-title":"Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"152","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08081398","article-title":"Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The European Respiratory Society Task Force","volume":"8","author":"Siafakas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.5.2101039","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI\/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary","volume":"163","author":"Pauwels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.6.1576","article-title":"Additive effects of salmeterol and fluticasone or theophylline in COPD","volume":"118","author":"Cazzola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00014304","article-title":"ATS\/ERS Task Force. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS\/ERS position paper","volume":"23","author":"Celli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-456SO","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary","volume":"176","author":"Rabe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"9589","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61383-X","article-title":"From COPD to chronic systemic inflammatory syndrome?","volume":"370","author":"Fabbri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-3059","article-title":"The many \u2018small COPDs\u2019: COPD should be an orphan disease","volume":"134","author":"Rennard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9691","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61541-5","article-title":"Time to define the disorders of the syndrome of COPD","volume":"374","author":"Beasley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2012.02.018","article-title":"The GOLD initiative 2011: a change of paradigm?","volume":"48","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Roisin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Bronconeumol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00117-2017","article-title":"Natural history of COPD: gaps and opportunities","volume":"3","author":"Agust\u00ed","year":"2017","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203602","article-title":"Moving from the Oslerian paradigm to the post-genomic era: are asthma and COPD outdated terms?","volume":"69","author":"Vanfleteren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00254-4","article-title":"The asthma-COPD overlap syndrome: towards a revised taxonomy of chronic airways diseases?","volume":"3","author":"Bateman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00132-2017","article-title":"COPD: time to improve its taxonomy?","volume":"4","author":"Celli","year":"2018","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202204-0671PP","article-title":"Definition and nomenclature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: time for its revision","volume":"206","author":"Celli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S91742","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in asymptomatic smokers","volume":"10","author":"Sansores","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib21","first-page":"1494","article-title":"Asymptomatic patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China","volume":"123","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1114866","article-title":"Preparing for precision medicine","volume":"366","author":"Mirnezami","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4660","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10204660","article-title":"COPD diagnosis: time for disruption","volume":"10","author":"Wouters","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6918","article-title":"Association of dysanapsis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among older adults","volume":"323","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10356","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01273-9","article-title":"Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Lancet Commission","volume":"400","author":"Stolz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10356","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01660-9","article-title":"Classification of COPD: fostering prevention and precision medicine in the Lancet Commission on COPD","volume":"400","author":"Brusselle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib27","first-page":"481","article-title":"Lung function trajectories based on annual measurements for 10 years in adults with airway obstruction","volume":"60","author":"Backman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-1310-9","article-title":"Phenotypic comparison between smoking and non-smoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"21","author":"Salvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201404-0720OC","article-title":"FEV1 decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with biomass exposure","volume":"190","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Venegas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-014-0100-9","article-title":"Defining phenotypes in COPD: an aid to personalized healthcare","volume":"18","author":"Segreti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Diagn. Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209846","article-title":"Do COPD subtypes really exist? COPD heterogeneity and clustering in 10 independent cohorts","volume":"72","author":"Castaldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000238","article-title":"Disease phenotyping in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the neutrophilic endotype","volume":"22","author":"Russell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1804364","article-title":"Endo-phenotyping of COPD patients","volume":"15","author":"Barnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Respir. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201606-1179PP","article-title":"Current controversies in the pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"194","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.039","article-title":"Machine learning characterization of COPD subtypes: insights from the COPDGene study","volume":"157","author":"Castaldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02058-2018","article-title":"Treatable traits: a new paradigm for 21st century management of chronic airway diseases: treatable Traits Down under International Workshop report","volume":"53","author":"McDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01359-2015","article-title":"Treatable traits: toward precision medicine of chronic airway diseases","volume":"47","author":"Agusti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106572","article-title":"Moving towards a Treatable Traits model of care for the management of obstructive airways diseases","volume":"187","author":"Agusti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-017-0266-z","article-title":"The challenges of precision medicine in COPD","volume":"21","author":"Cazzola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Diagn. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00506-3","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smokers: risk factors, pathogenesis, and implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611123001506?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611123001506?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T02:18:14Z","timestamp":1754014694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611123001506"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0954611123001506"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"There is still no established and accepted definition of COPD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107262","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107262"}}