{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T01:15:59Z","timestamp":1793927759132,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00MD015767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00MD015767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T06:25:31Z","timestamp":1725949531000},"page":"107802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Temporal variation in the effectiveness of biologics in asthma: Effect modification by changing patient characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0428-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanawin","family":"Nopsopon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyson","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Rank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista F.","family":"Huybrechts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1909-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayobami","family":"Akenroye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib1","article-title":"The global impact of asthma in adult populations","volume":"85","author":"Enilari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2032506","article-title":"Biologic therapies for severe asthma","volume":"386","author":"Brusselle","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.12.1871","article-title":"Asthma phenotypes and the use of biologic medications in asthma and allergic disease: the next steps toward personalized care","volume":"135","author":"Fajt","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"issue":"10379","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02125-0","article-title":"Asthma","volume":"401","author":"Porsbjerg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.05.024","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab in eosinophilic asthma: a Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"150","author":"Akenroye","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.021","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of tezepelumab to mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab in eosinophilic asthma: a Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Nopsopon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13561","article-title":"Matching-adjusted comparison of oral corticosteroid reduction in asthma: systematic review of biologics","volume":"50","author":"Bourdin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.08.031","article-title":"Anti-IL-5 treatments in patients with severe asthma by blood eosinophil thresholds: indirect treatment comparison","volume":"143","author":"Busse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.023","article-title":"Underrepresentation of blacks, smokers, and obese patients in studies of monoclonal antibodies for asthma","volume":"8","author":"Akenroye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.09.006","article-title":"Addressing disparities in biologic drug development in the United States","volume":"148","author":"Hvisdas","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.01.039","article-title":"Lower use of biologics for the treatment of asthma in publicly insured individuals","volume":"9","author":"Akenroye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.10.047","article-title":"Switch patterns in a cohort of individuals with asthma who received omalizumab or mepolizumab therapy","volume":"11","author":"Akenroye","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.04.026","article-title":"Persistence of asthma biologic use in a US claims database","volume":"127","author":"Maddux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.024","article-title":"Trends and disparities in asthma biologic use in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Inselman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.12.009","article-title":"Severe asthma in the US population and eligibility for mAb therapy","volume":"145","author":"Akenroye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.01.020","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of omalizumab, mepolizumab, and dupilumab in asthma: a target trial emulation","volume":"151","author":"Akenroye","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.10.015","article-title":"Asthma management in adults","volume":"11","author":"Busse","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.12.983","article-title":"Asthma outcomes: exacerbations","volume":"129","author":"Fuhlbrigge","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib19","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on asthma exacerbations: retrospective cohort study of over 500,000 patients in a national English primary care database","volume":"19","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.04.038","article-title":"Effect of COVID-19 on asthma exacerbation","volume":"9","author":"Salciccioli","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7819","article-title":"Overlap weighting: a propensity score method that mimics attributes of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"323","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.08.001","article-title":"Race & ethnicity, not just insurance, is associated with biologics initiation in asthma and related conditions","author":"Akenroye","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.01.039","article-title":"Lower use of biologics for the treatment of asthma in publicly insured individuals","author":"Akenroye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067","article-title":"Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice","volume":"30","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/medinform.8960","article-title":"Characterizing and managing missing structured data in electronic health records: data analysis","volume":"6","author":"Beaulieu-Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201208-1414OC","article-title":"Exploring the effects of omalizumab in allergic asthma: an analysis of biomarkers in the EXTRA study","volume":"187","author":"Hanania","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.04.043","article-title":"Omalizumab effectiveness by biomarker status in patients with asthma: evidence from PROSPERO, A prospective real-world study","volume":"7","author":"Casale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.06.004","article-title":"Effect of mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma according to omalizumab eligibility","volume":"154","author":"Humbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13850","article-title":"The clinical benefit of mepolizumab replacing omalizumab in uncontrolled severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"74","author":"Chapman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201312-454OC","article-title":"Cluster analysis and characterization of response to mepolizumab. A step closer to personalized medicine for patients with severe asthma","volume":"11","author":"Ortega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.07.024","article-title":"Mepolizumab in patients with severe asthma and comorbidities: 1-year REALITI-A analysis","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.12.014","article-title":"Controversies in allergy: choosing a biologic for patients with severe asthma","volume":"10","author":"Pavord","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.09.009","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and aspirin desensitization for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Oykhman","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S294333","article-title":"Mepolizumab for eosinophil-associated COPD: analysis of METREX and METREO","volume":"16","author":"Pavord","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.050","article-title":"Dupilumab efficacy in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe allergic asthma","volume":"8","author":"Corren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303951","article-title":"Dupilumab for COPD with type 2 inflammation indicated by eosinophil counts","volume":"389","author":"Bhatt","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611124002774?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611124002774?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T22:32:36Z","timestamp":1732314756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611124002774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0954611124002774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Temporal variation in the effectiveness of biologics in asthma: Effect modification by changing patient characteristics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107802","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107802"}}