{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:43:13Z","timestamp":1790095393133,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T23:06:46Z","timestamp":1733440006000},"page":"107908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Associations between serum indium levels and preserved ratio impaired spirometry among non-smoking industrial workers: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"I-Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Yen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4172-5529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Chih","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8991-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-An","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Yi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang-Chieh Brian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7355-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chung","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1880","article-title":"Indium lung disease","volume":"141","author":"Cummings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030419","article-title":"Assessment of occupational exposure to indium dust for indium-tin-oxide manufacturing workers","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.45.137","article-title":"Interstitial pneumonia developed in a worker dealing with particles containing indium-tin oxide","volume":"45","author":"Homma","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.08.009","article-title":"Case reports of indium lung disease in Taiwan","volume":"120","author":"Tsao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2484","article-title":"Five-year cohort study: emphysematous progression of indium-exposed workers","volume":"146","author":"Nakano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206380","article-title":"High levels of indium exposure relate to progressive emphysematous changes: a 9-year longitudinal surveillance of indium workers","volume":"70","author":"Amata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22402","article-title":"Interstitial lung disorders in the indium workers of Korea: an update study for the relationship with biological exposure indices","volume":"58","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.07.004","article-title":"Occupational exposure to indium: what does biomonitoring tell us?","volume":"213","author":"Hoet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S338955","article-title":"Pulmonary and systemic toxicity in a rat model of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis induced by indium-tin oxide nanoparticles","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.20939","article-title":"Association between preserved ratio impaired spirometry and clinical outcomes in US adults","volume":"326","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00369-6","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications of preserved ratio impaired spirometry: a UK Biobank cohort analysis","volume":"10","author":"Higbee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib12","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and related factors in persons with preserved ratio impaired spirometry: data from the Korea national health and nutrition examination surve","volume":"57","author":"Heo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202110-2302OC","article-title":"Risks of mortality and airflow limitation in Japanese individuals with preserved ratio impaired spirometry","volume":"206","author":"Washio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108274","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-29688-y","article-title":"Associations between environmental heavy metals exposure and preserved ratio impaired spirometry in the U.S. adults","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201407-346OC","article-title":"Early changes in clinical, functional, and laboratory biomarkers in workers at risk of indium lung disease","volume":"11","author":"Cummings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reference values for spirogram and blood gas analysis in non-smoking healthy adults in Japan","volume":"39","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Respir. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib17","first-page":"725","article-title":"Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging","volume":"127","author":"Knudson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194809000-00001","article-title":"Pulmonary insufficiency; physiological classification, clinical methods of analysis, standard values in normal subjects","volume":"27","author":"Baldwin","year":"1948","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1963.tb16520.x","article-title":"Spirometric studies in normal subjects. I. Forced expirograms in subjects between 7 and 70 years of age","volume":"173","author":"Berglund","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Med. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.248.143","article-title":"Indium lung: discovery, pathophysiology and prevention","volume":"248","author":"Chonan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.L9077","article-title":"Causal relationship between indium compound inhalation and effects on the lungs","volume":"51","author":"Nakano","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3402727","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Kelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5152\/eajm.2010.09","article-title":"Acute inhalation injury","volume":"42","author":"Gorguner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eurasian J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.07.037","article-title":"Lung function in young adults predicts airflow obstruction 20 years later","volume":"123","author":"Kalhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2013.836279","article-title":"Use of and occupational exposure to indium in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Hines","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib26","series-title":"Bureau of Labour Standards DoISaH","article-title":"The technical guideline for preventing health impairment of workers engaged in the indium tin oxide handling processes","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib27","series-title":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Ministry of Labor","article-title":"Guidelines for occupational exposure of indium and related compounds and related diseases","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib28","article-title":"Lead and mercury exposure and related health problems in metal artisan workplaces and high-risk household contacts in thimphu","volume":"2020","author":"Monger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bhutan, ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.09.021","article-title":"Significant spirometric transitions and preserved ratio impaired spirometry among ever smokers","volume":"161","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.05.015","article-title":"Spirometric reference values in heathy Chinese adults in Taiwan: the secular changes and comparison with other Asian populations","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611124003834?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611124003834?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T22:02:00Z","timestamp":1738879320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611124003834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0954611124003834"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations between serum indium levels and preserved ratio impaired spirometry among non-smoking industrial workers: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Taiwan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2024.107908","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107908"}}