{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:43:13Z","timestamp":1783114993351,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Quebec Health Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020951","name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T19:15:58Z","timestamp":1745867758000},"page":"108129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neuromodulation of dyspnea \u2013 A literature review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9207-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine","family":"Mass\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9563-789X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"St-Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2924-5615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy","family":"Delisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1675-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix-Antoine","family":"V\u00e9zina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2995-7255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Iorio-Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4057-6886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Couillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib1","series-title":"Dyspnea","author":"Rawat","year":"2023"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib2","article-title":"Prevalence of dyspnea in general adult populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"218","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib3","first-page":"542","article-title":"Chronic dyspnea: diagnosis and evaluation","volume":"101","author":"Budhwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib4","article-title":"The Differential diagnosis of dyspnea","volume":"113","author":"Berliner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online"},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-009-0725-1","article-title":"Pathophysiology and diagnosis of dyspnea in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"159","author":"Pohl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2017.1301190","article-title":"Pathophysiology of dyspnea in COPD","volume":"129","author":"Anzueto","year":"2017","journal-title":"PGM (Postgrad. Med.)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12121758","article-title":"A methodological perspective on the function and assessment of peripheral chemoreceptors in heart failure: a review of data from clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Jura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2011.0110","article-title":"Dyspnea review for the palliative care professional: treatment goals and therapeutic options","volume":"15","author":"Kamal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Palliat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib9","first-page":"11","article-title":"End of life care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: in search of a good death","volume":"3","author":"Spathis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"issue":"26386945","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.08.162","article-title":"Dyspnea related to reversibly-binding P2Y12 inhibitors: a review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnostics","volume":"202","author":"Unverdorben","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2016.v106i1.10324","article-title":"Dyspnoea: pathophysiology and a clinical approach","volume":"106","author":"Coccia","year":"2016","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63274-6.00018-7","article-title":"Control of the lungs via the human brain using neurosurgery","volume":"209","author":"Hyam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15041","article-title":"Neurochemistry of the K\u00f6lliker-fuse nucleus from a respiratory perspective","volume":"156","author":"Varga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.12.020","article-title":"The midbrain periaqueductal gray as an integrative and interoceptive neural structure for breathing","volume":"98","author":"Faull","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e328345bc84","article-title":"Understanding mechanisms and documenting plausibility of palliative interventions for dyspnea","volume":"5","author":"Mahler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib16","first-page":"1656","article-title":"Dyspnea of unknown cause","volume":"11","author":"Santana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Think about Diaphragm"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.03.005","article-title":"Pathophysiology of exercise dyspnea in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"99","author":"Grazzini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib18","article-title":"FMRI studies evaluating central respiratory control in humans","volume":"16","author":"Ciumas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib19","article-title":"Physiology, herring breuer reflex","author":"Vadhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"StatPearls"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0003-6","article-title":"Breathing matters","volume":"19","author":"Del Negro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1041887","article-title":"Forebrain control of breathing: anatomy and potential functions","volume":"13","author":"Schottelkotte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib22","article-title":"Dyspneic and non-dyspneic (silent) hypoxemia in COVID-19: possible neurological mechanism","volume":"198","author":"Nouri-Vaskeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200007140-00012","article-title":"Breathlessness in humans activates insular cortex","volume":"11","author":"Banzett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200902-0300OC","article-title":"Down-regulation of insular cortex responses to dyspnea and pain in asthma","volume":"180","author":"Leupoldt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.1.345","article-title":"Cortical substrates for the perception of dyspnea","volume":"128","author":"von","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9090232","article-title":"The use of neuromodulation for symptom management","volume":"9","author":"Farrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2011.05.006","article-title":"Targeting peripheral afferent nerve terminals for Cough and dyspnea","volume":"11","author":"Muroi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer040","article-title":"Dyspnoea: underlying mechanisms and treatment","volume":"106","author":"Nishino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.12.020","article-title":"The Midbrain periaqueductal gray as an integrative and interoceptive neural structure for breathing","volume":"98","author":"Faull","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.098848","article-title":"Distinct rhythm generators for inspiration and expiration in the juvenile rat","volume":"570","author":"Janczewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4584-1_16","article-title":"The retrotrapezoid nucleus and breathing","author":"Guyenet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17635","article-title":"Stimulation-induced respiratory enhancement in corticothalamic regions","author":"Talavera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"36388186","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib33","article-title":"Forebrain control of breathing: anatomy and potential functions","volume":"13","author":"Schottelkotte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.12.002","article-title":"Role of chemoreceptors in mediating dyspnea","volume":"167","author":"Buchanan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa374","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the brainstem","volume":"144","author":"Elias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain: J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-013-0910-8","article-title":"The lateral habenular nucleus mediates signal transduction from the insular cortex in OSA rats","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung"},{"issue":"C","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62756-9","article-title":"Chapter 5 Sensory innervation of the lungs and airways","volume":"67","author":"Widdicombe","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib38","first-page":"560","article-title":"Control of ventilation","author":"Ewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cunningham\u2019s Textbook of Veterinary Physiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/mr-2024-0006","article-title":"The occurrence mechanism, assessment, and non-pharmacological treatment of dyspnea","volume":"4","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medical Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.ats898","article-title":"Dyspnea","volume":"159","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0534","article-title":"Mechanisms of dyspnea","volume":"138","author":"Burki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2006.12.005","article-title":"Cough, pain and dyspnoea: similarities and differences","volume":"20","author":"Gracely","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib43","series-title":"ScienceDirect","article-title":"Chapter 1 - breathing and the nervous system","author":"Prasad","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib44","first-page":"432","article-title":"[Managing of dyspnea in oncology]","volume":"76","author":"Duysinx","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Liege"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.11.012","article-title":"Airway nerves and dyspnea associated with inflammatory airway disease","volume":"167","author":"Undem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.07.008","article-title":"The sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational aspects of pain","volume":"34","author":"Auvray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.015","article-title":"Dyspnea and pain share emotion-related brain network","volume":"48","author":"Leupoldt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.2005057","article-title":"Neural substrates for the perception of acutely induced dyspnea","volume":"163","author":"Peiffer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70332-4","article-title":"Management of dyspnea and cough in patients with cancer","volume":"10","author":"Dudgeon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328334a728","article-title":"Exertional dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mechanisms and treatment approaches","volume":"16","author":"Ora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0027","article-title":"Structural brain changes in patients with COPD","volume":"149","author":"Esser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib52","article-title":"Impact of trigeminal nerve and\/or olfactory nerve stimulation on activity of human brain regions involved in the perception of breathlessness","volume":"311","author":"Aucoin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13004","article-title":"Dyspnea catastrophizing and neural activations during the anticipation and perception of dyspnea","volume":"55","author":"Stoeckel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000441","article-title":"Breathlessness and the brain: the role of expectation","volume":"13","author":"Marlow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.02.013","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain","volume":"33","author":"Alamri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2042ST","article-title":"An official American thoracic society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea","volume":"185","author":"Parshall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200712-1821OC","article-title":"The unpleasantness of perceived dyspnea is processed in the anterior insula and amygdala","volume":"177","author":"Leupoldt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13844","article-title":"The breathing brain: the potential of neural oscillations for the understanding of respiratory perception in Health and disease","volume":"59","author":"Jelin\u010di\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200805-731OC","article-title":"Reduced perception of dyspnea and pain after right insular cortex lesions","volume":"178","author":"Sch\u00f6n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01029-2017","article-title":"Treating breathlessness via the brain: changes in brain activity over a course of pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"50","author":"Herigstad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050639","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the posterior insula in chronic pain: a theoretical framework","volume":"11","author":"Bergeron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01229-4","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for addictive disorders-where are we now?","volume":"19","author":"Yuen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics: The Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12274","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4168-08.2008","article-title":"The midbrain periaqueductal gray control of respiration","volume":"28","author":"Subramanian","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318231d789","article-title":"Controlling the lungs via the brain: a novel neurosurgical method to improve lung function in humans","volume":"70","author":"Hyam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"February 1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.038","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the periaqueductal gray releases endogenous opioids in humans","volume":"146","author":"Sims-Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13030492","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for chronic facial pain: an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Qassim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e32832b725e","article-title":"Nonpharmacological management of dyspnea","volume":"3","author":"Buckholz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.173","article-title":"Long-term results of deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex for neuropathic pain","volume":"106","author":"Boccard","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"7981","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06541-3","article-title":"Cingulate dynamics track depression recovery with deep brain stimulation","volume":"622","author":"Alagapan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci6030028","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the basolateral amygdala: targeting technique and electrodiagnostic findings","volume":"6","author":"Langevin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01156-2024","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the motor thalamus relieves experimentally induced air hunger","volume":"64","author":"Chapman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12620","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain: efficacy at three years' follow-up","volume":"20","author":"Abreu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation: Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000444762","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the ventroposteromedial (VPM) thalamus 10 Years after VPM thalamotomy to treat a recurrent facial pain","volume":"94","author":"Yamgoue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E15","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.FOCUS18160","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for intractable neuropathic facial pain","volume":"45","author":"Ben-Haim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.3.0565","article-title":"Partial epilepsy presenting as episodic dyspnea: a specific network involved in limbic seizure propagation. Case report","volume":"100","author":"Cohen-Gadol","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09976-0","article-title":"Dyspnea after subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a case-control study","volume":"267","author":"Meoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.11.054","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the dorsal raphe inhibits avoidance and escape reactions and activates forebrain regions related to the modulation of anxiety\/panic","volume":"321","author":"Wscieklica","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114462","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the dorsal raphe induces anxiolytic and panicolytic-like effects and alters serotonin immunoreactivity","volume":"449","author":"Lemes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-016-0475-y","article-title":"The respiratory control mechanisms in the brainstem and spinal cord: integrative views of the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology","volume":"67","author":"Ikeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00143.2006","article-title":"Plasticity in the nucleus tractus solitarius and its influence on lung and airway reflexes","volume":"101","author":"Bonham","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib81","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Neuroanatomy, nucleus solitarius","author":"AbuAlrob","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.07.007","article-title":"Afferent pathway and neuromodulation of superficial and deeper thoracic spinal neurons receiving noxious pulmonary inputs in rats","volume":"131","author":"Qin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci. Basic Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.01.010","article-title":"Mechanisms of activity-related dyspnea in pulmonary diseases","volume":"167","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"May 16","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S163248","article-title":"A review of vagus nerve stimulation as a therapeutic intervention","volume":"11","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.6.2183","article-title":"Effects of bronchoconstriction and external resistive loading on the sensation of dyspnea","volume":"71","author":"Taguchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2019.09.008","article-title":"Vagal nerve stimulation: indications, implantation, and outcomes","volume":"53","author":"Ohemeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2012.01329.x","article-title":"Feasibility of percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations","volume":"19","author":"Miner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med.: Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.1.0072","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve root for the treatment of chronic facial pain","volume":"83","author":"Young","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib89","article-title":"Subcutaneous trigeminal nerve field stimulation for refractory facial pain","volume":"123","author":"Jakobs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2019.04.002","article-title":"Strategies to relieve dyspnoea in patients with advanced chronic respiratory diseases. A narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Ambrosino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.50974","article-title":"The trigeminocardiac reflex \u2013 a comparison with the diving reflex in humans","volume":"11","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci. : AMS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-023-00128-z","article-title":"Trigeminal nerve stimulation: a current state-of-the-art review","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioelectron. Med."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095461112500191X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095461112500191X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T23:26:25Z","timestamp":1762039585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095461112500191X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S095461112500191X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuromodulation of dyspnea \u2013 A literature review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108129","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108129"}}