{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T07:09:16Z","timestamp":1779174556720,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010635","name":"Hunter New England Local Health District","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010635","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88881.982220\/2024-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.982220\/2024-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001771","name":"University of Newcastle Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001081","name":"The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T01:00:59Z","timestamp":1770253259000},"page":"108698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Obesity and impaired muscle function in severe asthma: a cross sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"253","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6192-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariele","family":"Pedroso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3387-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joice M.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9874-4862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"McLoughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina C.","family":"Furlanetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9890-3408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00785-1","article-title":"Asthma epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"42","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.10.053","article-title":"Characterization of severe asthma worldwide: data from the international severe asthma registry","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10456","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01210-8","article-title":"Obesity in adults","volume":"404","author":"Lingvay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2018.1506331","article-title":"The effect of obesity on lung function","volume":"12","author":"Dixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Respir. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-191803","article-title":"The effects of core stabilization training on dynamic balance and pulmonary parameters in patients with asthma","volume":"34","author":"Develi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4081\/mrm.2015.276","article-title":"Peripheral muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with moderate to severe asthma","volume":"10","author":"Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13115","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, diagnosis and management in Australia and New Zealand","volume":"14","author":"Zanker","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1185221","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Respiratory sarcopenia: a scoping review of the current literature","author":"Vaishya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Diabetes Dev. Ctries."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03394-9","article-title":"Associations between sarcopenia with asthmatic prevalence, lung function and comorbidity","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13428","article-title":"Physical activity associates with disease characteristics of severe asthma, bronchiectasis and COPD","volume":"24","author":"Cordova-Rivera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013","article-title":"International ERS\/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","article-title":"Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3\u201395-year age range: the global lung function 2012 equations","volume":"40","author":"Quanjer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14d29.x","article-title":"Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control","volume":"14","author":"Juniper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1265","article-title":"Validation of a standardized version of the asthma quality of life questionnaire","volume":"115","author":"Juniper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib16","first-page":"75","article-title":"St George's respiratory questionnaire: MCID","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"COPD J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.7.581","article-title":"Usefulness of the medical research council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"54","author":"Bestall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2014.922190","article-title":"Hyperventilation in asthma: a validation study of the Nijmegen questionnaire","volume":"51","author":"Grammatopoulou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Asthma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000521288","article-title":"Charlson comorbidity index: a critical review of clinimetric properties","volume":"91","author":"Charlson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity","volume":"13","author":"Rubino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib22","first-page":"138","article-title":"Body composition by DXA: tried and true?","volume":"49","author":"Shepherd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.22540\/JFSF-08-254","article-title":"Muscle quality: an evolving concept","volume":"8","author":"Coronado-Zarco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.01.045","article-title":"Core function in adults with severe asthma and its relationship with breathing symptoms","volume":"12","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_649_16","article-title":"Evaluation of shoulder girdle strength more than 12 months after modified radical mastectomy and axillary nodes dissection","volume":"22","author":"Akoochakian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12332","article-title":"Measurement of maximal isometric torque and muscle quality of the knee extensors and flexors in healthy 50\u2010to 70\u2010year\u2010old women","volume":"37","author":"Francis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00150314","article-title":"An official European respiratory society\/American thoracic society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease","volume":"44","author":"Holland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3109\/09593980802664711","article-title":"Regression equations to predict 6-minute walk distance in middle-aged and elderly adults","volume":"25","author":"Jenkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.9120-11ST","article-title":"An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FeNO) for clinical applications","volume":"184","author":"Dweik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00784.x","article-title":"Inflammatory subtypes in asthma: assessment and identification using induced sputum","volume":"11","author":"Simpson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the centers for disease control and prevention and the American heart association","volume":"107","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2650621","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and the acute phase response","volume":"265","author":"Heinrich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12712","article-title":"Body composition reference ranges in community\u2010dwelling adults using dual\u2010energy x\u2010ray absorptiometry: the Australian body composition (ABC) study","volume":"12","author":"Kirk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.02.004","article-title":"Obesity and asthma","volume":"141","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123474","article-title":"Association of obesity and severe asthma in adults","volume":"13","author":"Olejnik","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050686","article-title":"The detrimental clinical associations of anxiety and depression with difficult asthma outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Fong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Personalized Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05744-y","article-title":"Racial and gender differences in the relationship between sarcopenia and bone mineral density among older adults","volume":"32","author":"Ning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib38","first-page":"482","article-title":"Cut-off values for the muscle mass indices determined using DXA in healthy Polish adults \u2013 a comparison to EWGSOP2 recommendation","volume":"17","author":"Radecka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.02.016","article-title":"Lower paraspinal muscle density is associated with small airway dysfunction in women with persistent asthma","volume":"132","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.08.016","article-title":"Lower skeletal muscle density and airway structure on computed tomography in asthma","volume":"133","author":"Hayashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib41","first-page":"91","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of skeletal muscle by computed tomography imaging\u2013state of the art","volume":"15","author":"Engelke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112458","article-title":"Muscle quality index in morbidly obesity patients related to metabolic syndrome markers and cardiorespiratory fitness","volume":"15","author":"Caama\u00f1o-Navarrete","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.12.043","article-title":"Muscle function in moderate to severe asthma: association with clinical outcomes and inflammatory markers","volume":"11","author":"Visser","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0606","article-title":"Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy","volume":"197","author":"Schakman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14323","article-title":"Factors associated with 6\u2010min walk distance in severe asthma: a cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"27","author":"Pitzner\u2010Fabricius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12746","article-title":"Should we treat obesity in COPD? The effects of diet and resistance exercise training","volume":"21","author":"McDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219268","article-title":"Effect of obesity on airway and systemic inflammation in adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Scott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611126000661?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611126000661?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T17:09:28Z","timestamp":1776186568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611126000661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0954611126000661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Obesity and impaired muscle function in severe asthma: a cross sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108698","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108698"}}