{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T20:37:08Z","timestamp":1793911028766,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T14:38:06Z","timestamp":1791729486000},"page":"109202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impaired lung function as an important risk factor for blood stream infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"263","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-3959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus G.","family":"Ahlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8960-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Ronit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1954-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00f8rge G.","family":"Nordestgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6391-7455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne D.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1442-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoaib","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12195","article-title":"Overall burden of bloodstream infection and nosocomial bloodstream infection in North America and Europe","volume":"19","author":"Goto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq069","article-title":"Temporal changes in the incidence and 30-day mortality associated with bacteremia in hospitalized patients from 1992 through 2006: a population-based cohort study","volume":"52","author":"S\u00f8gaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46598","article-title":"Global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through 2050","volume":"6","author":"Boers","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.5603\/ARM.27817","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and risk of infection","volume":"77","author":"Lange","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1086\/431521","article-title":"The influence of chronic illnesses on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults","volume":"192","author":"Kyaw","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.1.9911019","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections in adults with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"162","author":"Greenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03777-8","article-title":"Population-based risk factors for community-onset bloodstream infections","volume":"39","author":"Laupland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-163","article-title":"Increased incidence of invasive bacterial disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to the general population-a population based cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Inghammar","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.3.299","article-title":"Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women","volume":"298","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.1.20667","article-title":"The danish microbiology database (MIBA) 2010 to 2013","volume":"19","author":"Voldstedlund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz327","article-title":"Prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with positive blood cultures: a Danish nationwide study","volume":"40","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","article-title":"ERS Task force to establish improved lung function reference values, includng supplement","volume":"40","author":"Quanjer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","article-title":"New Creatinine- and cystatin C\u2013Based equations to estimate GFR without race","volume":"385","author":"Inker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176345976","article-title":"Cox's regression model for counting processes: a large sample study","volume":"10","author":"Andersen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agust\u00ed AGN, Noguera A, Sauleda J, Sala E, Pons J, Busquets X. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. . 21(2):347\u2013360. [Internet] Available from: http:\/\/erj.ersjournals.com\/content\/erj\/21\/2\/347.abstract.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00405703"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032158","article-title":"The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"350","author":"Hogg","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0373OC","article-title":"Systemic markers of adaptive and innate immunity are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity and spirometric disease progression","volume":"58","author":"Halper-Stromberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00128008","article-title":"Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD","volume":"33","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"9795","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60988-4","article-title":"New insights into the immunology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"378","author":"Brusselle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6863","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102217","article-title":"Risk of sepsis among patients with COPD treated with fixed combinations of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting Beta 2 agonists","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib22","series-title":"E SMOKING A ND INVAS IV E PNEUMOCOCC A L D IS EASE CIGARETTE SMOKING AND INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE","first-page":"681","author":"Smokinginvasive","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.123612","article-title":"Pneumococcal pneumonia presenting with septic shock: Host- and pathogen-related factors and outcomes","volume":"65","author":"Garcia-Vidal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.12.013","article-title":"Smoking and alcohol abuse are the most preventable risk factors for invasive pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections","volume":"25","author":"Grau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2933","article-title":"COPD stage and risk of hospitalization for infectious disease","volume":"134","author":"Benfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib26","series-title":"Handbook of Epidemiology","first-page":"81","article-title":"Information bias","author":"Pigeot","year":"2007"},{"issue":"10125","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30206-X","article-title":"Extrafine inhaled triple therapy versus dual bronchodilator therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRIBUTE): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Papi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0683-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tiotropium and olodaterol in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Miravitlles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib29","series-title":"Pneumokokvaccination Uden for B\u00f8rnevaccinationsprogrammet i Danmark","author":"Kants\u00f8","year":"2014"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib30","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae bioconjugate vaccine functional durability in mice","volume":"43","author":"Wantuch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04213-23","article-title":"Preclinical validation of an Escherichia coli O-antigen glycoconjugate for the prevention of serotype O1 invasive disease","volume":"12","author":"Chorro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12101177","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide as a vaccine target and the role of antibodies in protection from disease","volume":"12","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611126005718?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611126005718?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T20:15:44Z","timestamp":1793909744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611126005718"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0954611126005718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impaired lung function as an important risk factor for blood stream infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109202","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109202"}}