{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T18:20:38Z","timestamp":1794594038736,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019268","name":"Showa Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","resmedjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T06:55:08Z","timestamp":1792824908000},"page":"109247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cavitary status and differential treatment response in refractory or severe Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension versus intravenous amikacin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0799-8531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3688-3028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayaka","family":"Furuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Atarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamiko","family":"Kanzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chika","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2391-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hotaka","family":"Sakomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4771-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8404-7245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichi","family":"Furugori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Takishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Matsukura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Yokoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.10.013","article-title":"Global trends of pulmonary infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a systematic review","volume":"125","author":"Dahl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00337-2024","article-title":"Laboratory-based surveillance of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in Japan","volume":"11","author":"Hamaguchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0901-z","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in Korea: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666221103213","article-title":"Mortality association of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection requiring treatment in Taiwan: a population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-1418OC","article-title":"BACES score for predicting mortality in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"203","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00550-2025","article-title":"Can the BACES score predict clinical outcomes in a Dutch cohort with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease?","volume":"11","author":"Lemson","year":"2025","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.10.006","article-title":"External validation of the BACES score in Canadian patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"165","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14348-7","article-title":"Multicentre retrospective observational study for development and validation of MAC prognostic score model","volume":"15","author":"Takeda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.10.048","article-title":"Impact of time between diagnosis and treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease on culture conversion and all-cause mortality","volume":"161","author":"Im","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.03.027","article-title":"The association between sputum culture conversion and mortality in cavitary Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease","volume":"166","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.01.024","article-title":"Microbiologic outcome of interventions against Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a systematic review","volume":"153","author":"Diel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf565","article-title":"Developing a simple scoring system on CT findings for predicting treatment failure in Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: the BCD (Bronchiectasis and Cavity Distribution) score","volume":"12","author":"Hayashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00400-2025","article-title":"Consensus on the management of refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"67","author":"Moreira-Sousa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/25310429.2026.2632467","article-title":"Management of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease refractory to guideline-based therapy: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Moreira-Sousa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108220","article-title":"Natural history and burden of refractory Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: insights from the US Bronchiectasis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Research Registry","volume":"246","author":"Aksamit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1318OC","article-title":"Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension for treatment-refractory lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (CONVERT). A prospective, open-label, randomized study","volume":"198","author":"Griffith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"Griffith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa241","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an Official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"71","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib19","first-page":"115","article-title":"Patient characteristics by treatment response and safety in amikacin liposome inhalation suspension for refractory Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex pulmonary disease","volume":"99","author":"Takishima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kekkaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib20","first-page":"203","article-title":"A retrospective study of 11 patients with refractory Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease treated with amikacin liposome inhalation suspension","volume":"13","author":"Oshita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Japanese Respir Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03261-w","article-title":"Effectiveness of Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension for refractory Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease at 6 months post initiation","volume":"24","author":"Urabe","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf118","article-title":"Effects of amikacin liposome inhalation suspension and amikacin resistance development in patients with refractory Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Kurahara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108408","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness and lung abnormalities associated with amikacin liposome inhalation suspension","volume":"248","author":"Tokita","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06022-z","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease according to disease severity","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00170-2018","article-title":"Treatment outcome definitions in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an NTM-NET consensus statement","volume":"51","author":"Van Ingen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6607","article-title":"Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies","volume":"34","author":"Austin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2008.0693","article-title":"A gamma scintigraphy study to investigate lung deposition and clearance of inhaled amikacin-loaded liposomes in healthy male volunteers","volume":"22","author":"Weers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.03.010","article-title":"Impact of cavity and infiltration on pulmonary function and health-related quality of life in pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease: a 3-dimensional computed tomographic analysis","volume":"126","author":"Asakura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4044092","article-title":"Do pulmonary cavity shapes influence lung function?","volume":"141","author":"Minaeizaeim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30148-1","article-title":"Cavitary tuberculosis: the gateway of disease transmission","volume":"20","author":"Urbanowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611126006165?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0954611126006165?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T17:20:01Z","timestamp":1794590401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0954611126006165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0954611126006165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6111","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cavitary status and differential treatment response in refractory or severe Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension versus intravenous amikacin","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Respiratory Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.109247","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109247"}}