{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:26:35Z","timestamp":1789140395257,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008497","name":"Boston Scientific Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F32HL162231-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F32HL162231-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 HL146990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 HL146990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"NCATS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008269","name":"Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U074551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U074551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rpthjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T07:21:18Z","timestamp":1701328878000},"page":"102285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk scores for major bleeding from direct oral anticoagulants: comparing predictive performance in patients with atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alessandra M.","family":"Campos-Staffico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliet P.","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Dorsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nita A.","family":"Limdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey D.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine A.","family":"Luzum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.02.021","article-title":"Burden of atrial fibrillation\u2013associated ischemic stroke in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Alkhouli","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00007","article-title":"Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"146","author":"Hart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000665","volume":"140","author":"January","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.028825","article-title":"Comparative safety and effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: the NAXOS study","volume":"51","author":"Van Ganse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-022-01274-1","article-title":"Oral anticoagulant underutilization among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the United States Medicare database","volume":"66","author":"Munir","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-013-0899-7","article-title":"Assessing bleeding risk in patients taking anticoagulants","volume":"35","author":"Shoeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16201","article-title":"US emergency department visits for outpatient adverse drug events, 2013-2014","volume":"316","author":"Shehab","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13844","article-title":"US emergency department visits attributed to medication harms, 2017-2019","volume":"326","author":"Budnitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2021.1693","article-title":"National trends in use of and spending on oral anticoagulants among US medicare beneficiaries from 2011 to 2019","volume":"2","author":"Troy","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107039","article-title":"Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Granger","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310907","article-title":"Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"369","author":"Giugliano","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005008","volume":"130","author":"Halperin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05391-y","article-title":"Emergency visits for oral anticoagulant bleeding","volume":"35","author":"Geller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib14","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Oral anticoagulant discontinuation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"22","author":"Kachroo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0438-5","article-title":"Thromboembolic events, bleeding, and drug discontinuation in patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation: a prospective hospital-based registry","volume":"16","author":"K\u00f6nigsbr\u00fcgge","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.031","article-title":"A\u00a0new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: the ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) study","volume":"58","author":"Fang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0134","article-title":"A\u00a0novel user-friendly score [HAS-BLED] to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey","volume":"138","author":"Pisters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.04.017","article-title":"Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF)","volume":"151","author":"Gage","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib19","first-page":"3258","article-title":"The ORBIT bleeding score: a simple bedside score to assess bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation","volume":"36","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11203214","article-title":"Anticoagulants: a short history, their mechanism of action, pharmacology, and indications","volume":"11","author":"Heestermans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-000931","article-title":"New score for assessing bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with NOACs","volume":"5","author":"Rutherford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1007113","article-title":"Eight pharmacokinetic genetic variants are not associated with the risk of bleeding from direct oral anticoagulants in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients","volume":"13","author":"Campos-Staffico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000180580","article-title":"Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine","volume":"16","author":"Cockcroft","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02037-3","article-title":"The real world use of combined P-glycoprotein and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors with rivaroxaban or apixaban increases bleeding","volume":"49","author":"Hanigan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2015.05.003","article-title":"Supporting information retrieval from electronic health records: a report of University of Michigan\u2019s nine-year experience in developing and using the Electronic Medical Record Search Engine (EMERSE)","volume":"55","author":"Hanauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03678.x","volume":"8","author":"Schulman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.07.051","article-title":"Comparison of the CHA2DS2-VASc, CHADS2, HAS-BLED, ORBIT, and ATRIA risk scores in predicting non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants-associated bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"120","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.3.6878708","article-title":"A\u00a0method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases","volume":"148","author":"Hanley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib33","series-title":"Assessing the fit of the\u00a0model. Applied logistic regression","first-page":"177","author":"Hosmer","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06295361","article-title":"Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models","volume":"26","author":"Vickers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200410135","article-title":"Estimation of the Youden index and its associated cutoff point","volume":"47","author":"Fluss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2022.876814","article-title":"An invitation to greater use of Matthews correlation coefficient in robotics and artificial intelligence","volume":"9","author":"Chicco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020782","article-title":"Comparison of HAS-BLED with other risk models for predicting the bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: a PRISMA-compliant article","volume":"99","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109703","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19858","article-title":"Comparing the ORBIT and HAS-BLED bleeding risk scores in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.757087","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the HAS-BLED bleeding score in VKA- or DOAC-treated patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib40","article-title":"HAS-BLED vs. ORBIT scores in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14692","article-title":"Accuracy of HAS-BLED and other bleeding risk assessment tools in predicting major bleeding events in atrial fibrillation: a network meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22435","article-title":"The HAS-BLED score for predicting major bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2475037923057138?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2475037923057138?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:32:56Z","timestamp":1762864376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2475037923057138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2475037923057138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285","relation":{},"ISSN":["2475-0379"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2475-0379","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk scores for major bleeding from direct oral anticoagulants: comparing predictive performance in patients with atrial fibrillation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102285","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102285"}}