{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:06:35Z","timestamp":1784549195804,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","rpthjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:08:23Z","timestamp":1778285303000},"page":"106652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and Socioeconomic Predictors of In-hospital Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Cross-sectional Study using the US National Inpatient Sample data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4392-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris","family":"Akolbire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunstan A.","family":"Akolbire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naana","family":"Nkrumah-Ababio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Prempeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godwin","family":"Osei-Poku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia N.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016784","article-title":"Time trends in pulmonary embolism mortality rates in the United States, 1999 to 2018","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.17782","article-title":"What is pulmonary embolism?","volume":"329","author":"Walter","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.2.159","article-title":"Systematic lung scans reveal a high frequency of silent pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep venous thrombosis","volume":"160","author":"Meignan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib4","first-page":"129","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism, part I: epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism","volume":"18","author":"B\u0115lohl\u00e1vek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.6.470","article-title":"British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"58","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01647-2019","volume":"54","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01785.x","article-title":"Validation of a clinical prognostic model to identify low-risk patients with pulmonary embolism","volume":"261","author":"Aujesky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e347","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1942-2526","article-title":"The accuracy of Hestia and simplified PESI to predict the prognosis in pulmonary embolism: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Palas","year":"2022","journal-title":"TH Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010324","article-title":"Prognostic models in acute pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Elias","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib11","series-title":"HCUP databases. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project\u2014National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS)","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.003846","article-title":"With great power comes great responsibility: \u201cbig data\u201d research from the National Inpatient Sample","volume":"10","author":"Khera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666251326539","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism-a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"You","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-4204","article-title":"Development and validation of the summary Elixhauser comorbidity score for use with ICD-10-CM\u2013coded data among older adults","volume":"175","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202302-091OC","article-title":"Sex, racial, and geographic disparities in pulmonary embolism-related mortality nationwide","volume":"20","author":"Zghouzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314573","article-title":"Racial disparities exist across age groups in Illinois for pulmonary embolism hospitalizations","volume":"40","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.100147","article-title":"Social determinants of health in pulmonary embolism management and outcome in hospitals: insights from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample","volume":"7","author":"Farmakis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.07.068","article-title":"National trends in pulmonary embolism hospitalization rates and outcomes for adults \u226565 years of age in the United States (1999\u20132010)","volume":"116","author":"Minges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib22","author":"Schumacher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib23","author":"Haley"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-008-0052-8","article-title":"Race-based therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Yancy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3686-7","article-title":"The Elixhauser comorbidity method outperforms the Charlson index in predicting inpatient death after orthopaedic surgery","volume":"472","author":"Menendez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X18754692","article-title":"Short- and long-term mortality after pulmonary embolism in patients with and without cancer","volume":"23","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70886","article-title":"Outcome of patients with cancer-associated pulmonary embolism: results from the Regional Pulmonary Embolism Registry","volume":"14","author":"Salinger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.2593.2593","article-title":"Fatal pulmonary embolism and cancer\u2014a post mortem study","volume":"104","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00024-2016","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism: mortality prediction by the 2014 European Society of Cardiology risk stratification model","volume":"48","author":"Becattini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029612461846","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in cirrhosis","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.27","article-title":"Cirrhosis is associated with an increased 30-day mortality after venous thromboembolism","volume":"6","author":"S\u00f8gaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2016.1239130","article-title":"Coagulopathy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a pilot study of whole blood coagulation and markers of endothelial damage","volume":"77","author":"Lehnert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03862.x","article-title":"Massive pulmonary embolism leading to cardiac arrest is associated with consumptive coagulopathy presenting as disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"8","author":"Leitner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X20967415","article-title":"Bleeding, death, and costs of care during hospitalization for acute pulmonary embolism: insights from the Saint Luke\u2019s Outcomes of Pulmonary Embolism (SLOPE) study","volume":"26","author":"Bunte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23205","article-title":"Coagulation disorders in liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Amitrano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1598005","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism and atrial fibrillation: two sides of the same coin? A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Bikdeli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-05-0405","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. A population-based cohort study","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000483","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism increases the risk of atrial fibrillation: the Tromso study","volume":"3","author":"Hald","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-202089","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in acute pulmonary embolism: prognostic considerations","volume":"31","author":"Barra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1309483","article-title":"Lactic acidosis","volume":"371","author":"Kraut","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib41","article-title":"Lactate level predicts mortality in pulmonary embolus","author":"Pallin, D. J","year":"2013","journal-title":"NEJM Journal Watch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040953","article-title":"Elevated lactate levels in acute pulmonary embolism are associated with prothrombotic fibrin clot properties: contribution of NETs formation","volume":"9","author":"Z\u0105bczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2025.07.010","article-title":"Exploring the obesity parADOX: a multisystem review","volume":"370","author":"Aggrawal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.02907.x","article-title":"Body mass index and mortality in patients with acute venous thromboembolism: findings from the RIETE registry","volume":"6","author":"Barba","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082375","article-title":"The obesity mortality paradox in patients with pulmonary embolism: insights from a tertiary care center","volume":"13","author":"Alkhalfan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0172","article-title":"Obesity and right ventricular structure and function: the MESA-Right Ventricle Study","volume":"141","author":"Chahal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.081","article-title":"Obesity paradox in VTE outcomes: an evolving concept","volume":"158","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2011.10.019","article-title":"Obesity and pulmonary embolism: the mounting evidence of risk and the mortality paradox","volume":"128","author":"Stein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-025-06197-1","article-title":"The outcomes of the obesity paradox in pulmonary embolism: a study of the national inpatient sample database from 2016 to 2020","volume":"104","author":"Garg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02193-2015","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of patients with pulmonary embolism: the impact of comorbidities on patient\u2019s outcome","volume":"48","author":"Mameli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.08.014","article-title":"Obesity paradox in pulmonary embolism: myth or reality?","volume":"94","author":"Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"}],"container-title":["Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2475037926033108?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2475037926033108?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:25:07Z","timestamp":1784546707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2475037926033108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2475037926033108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652","relation":{},"ISSN":["2475-0379"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2475-0379","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical and Socioeconomic Predictors of In-hospital Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Cross-sectional Study using the US National Inpatient Sample data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rpth.2026.106652","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106652"}}