{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T16:23:23Z","timestamp":1769012603133,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Veterinary Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,21]],"date-time":"2007-09-21T07:13:29Z","timestamp":1190358809000},"page":"46-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of supplemental chromium on interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) mRNA expression in response to Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler chicken"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Janet","family":"Bhagat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.K.","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib1","series-title":"Diseases of Poultry","first-page":"541","article-title":"Newcastle disease and other avian Paramyxoviridae infections","author":"Alexander","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1997.10718685","article-title":"Lack of toxicity of chromium chloride and chromium picolinate in rats","volume":"16","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib3","first-page":"87","article-title":"Cadmium, nickel, chromium and lead accumulate in human lymphocytes and interfere with PHA-induced proliferation","volume":"4","author":"Borella","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Trace Elements Electrolytes Health Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.7161532x","article-title":"Effects of supplemental chromium on immune responses of periparturient and early lactation dairy cows","volume":"71","author":"Burton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76600-6","article-title":"Effects of supplemental chromium on production of cytokines by mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"79","author":"Burton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(95)05452-C","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activity of blood serum from chromium-supplemented periparturient dairy cows","volume":"49","author":"Burton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2004.366","article-title":"Effects of florfenicol and chromium (III) on humoral immune response in chicks","volume":"17","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian\u2013Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.12.001","article-title":"Th1\/Th2 polarization by viral and helminth infection in birds","volume":"105","author":"Degen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0576","article-title":"Nitric oxide inhibits Marek\u2019s disease virus replication but is not single decisive factor in interferon gamma mediated viral inhibition","volume":"277","author":"Djeraba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3001478","article-title":"Multiple range and multiple F tests","volume":"11","author":"Duncan","year":"1955","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib11","series-title":"Poultry Science. Animal Agricultural Series","author":"Ensminger","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.7751284x","article-title":"Dietary protein and chromium tripicolinate in Suffolk wether lambs: effects on production characteristics, metabolic and hormonal responses, and immune status","volume":"77","author":"Gentry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1261","article-title":"An overview of real-time quantitative PCR: applications to quantify cytokine gene expression","volume":"25","author":"Giulietti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(97)00148-8","article-title":"Effects of chromium extract on cytokine release by mononuclear cells","volume":"19","author":"Granchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib15","unstructured":"Harvey, W.R., 1975. Least squares analysis of data with unequal subclass frequencies. USDA Agricultural Research Services ARS H-4, p. 157."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib16","first-page":"204","article-title":"Defense mechanisms against viral infection in poultry: a review","volume":"22","author":"Jeurissen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veterinary Quaterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-12-3217","article-title":"Differential cytokine expression in avian cell in response to invasion by Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum","volume":"146","author":"Kaiser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7690156","article-title":"Inhibition of viral replication by interferon-gamma-induced nitric oxide synthase","volume":"261","author":"Karupiah","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76482-2","article-title":"Immune response and disease resistance of calves fed chromium nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride","volume":"79","author":"Kegley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1998.1722","article-title":"Effects of chromium on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and host resistance to disease in a freshwater catfish, Saccobranchus fossilis (Bloch)","volume":"43","author":"Khangarot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.4.650","article-title":"Nutritional modulation of immune function in broilers","volume":"83","author":"Kidd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2307\/3001898","article-title":"Expression and multiple range test to group correlated adjusted means","volume":"13","author":"Kramer","year":"1964","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/0307945042000220318","article-title":"Assessment of the cell-mediated immune response in chickens by detection of chicken interferon-gamma in response to mitogen and recall Newcastle disease viral antigen stimulation","volume":"33","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2003.227","article-title":"Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance and immune responses of broilers","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian\u2013Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2307\/1590875","article-title":"Cellular and humoral response of in ovo-bursectomized chickens to experimental challenge with velogenic Newcastle disease virus","volume":"31","author":"Marino","year":"1987","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib26","unstructured":"National Research Council (1994). Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1089\/10799900152547911","article-title":"Immune status assessment by abundance of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA in chicken blood","volume":"21","author":"Novak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2175-2183.2005","article-title":"Increased expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor alpha genes in intestinal lymph cells of sheep selected for enhanced resistance to nematodes during infection with Trichostronylus colubriformis","volume":"73","author":"Pernthaner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-004-0435-3","article-title":"Abundance of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA in blood of resistant and susceptible chickens infected with Marek\u2019s disease virus (MDV) or vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus; and MDV inhibition of subsequent induction of IFN gene transcription","volume":"150","author":"Quere","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00254-6","article-title":"Embryo vaccination of turkeys against Newcastle disease infection with recombinant fowlpox virus constructs containing interferons as adjuvants","volume":"18","author":"Rautenschlein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2003.11.007","article-title":"Effects of chromium and copper depletion on lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens in diabetes-prone BHE\/cdb rats","volume":"20","author":"Rhee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90479-5","article-title":"Chromium (III) and the glucose tolerance factor","volume":"85","author":"Schwarz","year":"1959","journal-title":"Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib33","first-page":"111","article-title":"Effects of dengue virus infection on peripheral blood cells of mice exposed to hexavalent chromium with drinking water","volume":"122","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.919283","article-title":"Immune function assays as indicators of chromate exposure","volume":"92","author":"Snyder","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:90:1-3:99","article-title":"Effects of dietary chromium chloride supplementation on performance, some serum parameters, and immune response in broilers","volume":"90","author":"Uyanik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Trace Element Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.802449x","article-title":"Effect of chromium tripicolinate supplementation on porcine immune response during the postweaning period","volume":"80","author":"Van de Ligt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.752409x","article-title":"Immune response and growth of stressed weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic forms of chromium","volume":"75","author":"Van Heugten","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199612)32:4<655::AID-JBM19>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Inhibition of T and B cell proliferation by titanium, cobalt, and chromium: role of IL-2 and IL-6","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"}],"container-title":["Research in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0034528807001890?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0034528807001890?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T03:43:24Z","timestamp":1758512604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0034528807001890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0034528807001890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-5288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-5288","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of supplemental chromium on interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) mRNA expression in response to Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler chicken","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Veterinary Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.08.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}