{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:36:28Z","timestamp":1777588588016,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning","award":["NRF-2009-0081752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2009-0081752"]}]},{"name":"KRIBB Research Initiative Program, Republic of Korea"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Veterinary Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T17:17:00Z","timestamp":1396545420000},"page":"567-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Anti-rotavirus effects by combination therapy of stevioside and Sophora flavescens extract"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Mia Madel","family":"Alfajaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mun-Chual","family":"Rho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deok-Song","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myra","family":"Hosmillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Yeol","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju-Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Ik","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mun-Il","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Bae","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Hun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Mee","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Woong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo Song","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoung-Oh","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70231-7","article-title":"Rotavirus vaccines: viral shedding and risk of transmission","volume":"8","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1021\/bm100397p","article-title":"Pectic polysaccharides from Panax ginseng as the antirotavirus principals in ginseng","volume":"11","author":"Baek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6834","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00225-10","article-title":"Rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 suppresses virus-induced cellular apoptosis to facilitate viral growth by activating the cell survival pathways during early stages of infection","volume":"84","author":"Bagchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.201000181","article-title":"Stevioside and related compounds-molecules of pharmaceutical promise: a critical overview","volume":"1","author":"Brahmachari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archiv der Pharmazie Chemistry in Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284795","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/284795","article-title":"Tylosema esculentum (Marama) tuber and bean extracts are strong antiviral agents against rotavirus infection","volume":"2011","author":"Chingwaru","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2005.11.073","article-title":"(+)-12\u03b1-Hydroxysophocarpine, a new quinolizidine alkaloid and related anti-HBV alkaloids from Sophora flavescens","volume":"16","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioorganic and Medical Chemistry Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1990.tb01037.x","article-title":"Gastroenteritis in suckling mice caused by human rotavirus can be prevented with egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) and treated with a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation (PSK)","volume":"34","author":"Ebina","year":"1990","journal-title":"Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0045","series-title":"Fields Virology","first-page":"1917","article-title":"Rotaviruses","author":"Estes","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03298.x","article-title":"Innate immune responses to human rotavirus in the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet disease model","volume":"131","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200x.2000.01248.x","article-title":"Development of antirotavirus agents in Asia","volume":"42","author":"Gu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(03)00191-1","article-title":"Metabolism of stevioside in pigs and intestinal absorption characteristics of stevioside, rebaudoside A and steviol","volume":"41","author":"Guens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.31.2097","article-title":"Low density lipoprotein (LDL)-antioxidant flavanoids from roots of Sophora flavescens","volume":"31","author":"Jeong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.12.020","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of total flavanoids of the roots of Sophora flavescens","volume":"127","author":"Jin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1021\/jm950611f","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-acetylneuraminic acid-based rotavirus inhibitors","volume":"39","author":"Kiefel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.11.012","article-title":"Antiviral activity of Alpinia katsumadai extracts against rotaviruses","volume":"92","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.05.017","article-title":"Intestinal and extra-intestinal pathogenicity of a bovine reassortant rotavirus in calves and piglets","volume":"152","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.01.019","article-title":"Detection and genotyping of Korean porcine rotaviruses","volume":"144","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.302","article-title":"Glycosidase inhibitory flavonoids from Sophora flavescens","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2003.07.014","article-title":"Effects of stevioside on glucose transfort activity in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle","volume":"53","author":"Lailerd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2010.00653.x","article-title":"In vitro anti-tumour of quinolizidine alkaloids derived from Sophora flavescens Ait","volume":"108","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.11.009","article-title":"Antiviral effects on bacteriophages and rotavirus by cranberry juice","volume":"14","author":"Lipson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.12.024","article-title":"Characterization of alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Ait. by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00525-0","article-title":"\u03b1\u2013Glucosidase inhibitors as potential broad based anti-viral agents","volume":"430","author":"Mehta","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0125","first-page":"69","article-title":"Research progress on the chemical compounds and pharmacology of Sophora flavescens","volume":"13","author":"Miao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Natural Product Research Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.1991.tb00583.x","article-title":"Effect of pine seed shell extract on rotavirus and enterovirus infections","volume":"103","author":"Mukoyama","year":"1991","journal-title":"Letters of Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.44.181","article-title":"Inhibition of rotaviruses and enteroviruses infections by tea extracts","volume":"44","author":"Mukoyama","year":"1991","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)10322-1","article-title":"Role of human-milk lactadherin in protection against symptomatic rotavirus infection","volume":"351","author":"Newburg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.11077FP","article-title":"Norkurarinol inhibits TLR3-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling pathway and rotavirus replication","volume":"118","author":"Oh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1202.050006","article-title":"Rotavirus and severe childhood diarrhea","volume":"12","author":"Parashar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-007-1005-2","article-title":"Dual enteric and respiratory tropisms of winter dysentery bovine coronavirus in calves","volume":"152","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408","article-title":"A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints","volume":"27","author":"Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(02)00118-0","article-title":"Detection and quantitation of group A rotaviruses by competitive and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"105","author":"Schwarz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Virological Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0170","first-page":"29","article-title":"Primary observation on antirotavirus effects of ACPS-R in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Shao","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Zhejiang College TCM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.3181\/0704-RM-110","article-title":"QiHong prevents death in coxsackievirus B3-induced murine myocarditis through inhibition of virus attachment and penetration","volume":"232","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(00)00134-0","article-title":"Analysis of anti-rotavirus activity of extract from Stevia rebaudiana","volume":"49","author":"Takahashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.2.420-424.2002","article-title":"Protective efficacy of a sulfated sialyl lipid (NMSO3) against human rotavirus-induced diarrhea in a mouse model","volume":"46","author":"Takahashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810305100","article-title":"A 90-day oral gavage toxicity study of d-methylphenidate and d,l-methlyphenidate in beagle dogs","volume":"22","author":"Teo","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22921","article-title":"Benefits and risks of combination therapy for hepatitis B","volume":"49","author":"Terrault","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0200","first-page":"91","article-title":"Treatment of rotavirus enteritis with Poly(I)\u2009\u2022\u2009Poly(C), compound Radix salvia miltiorrhizae and ribavirin","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-7-1431","article-title":"Pathogenesis of an attenuated and virulent strain of group A human rotavirus in neonatal gnotobiotic pigs","volume":"77","author":"Ward","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0210","first-page":"122","article-title":"Treatment of 50 cases of rotavirus enteritis with Radix astragali and interferon","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zhe Jian Journal of Intergrated Tradional Western Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.09.034","article-title":"Antiviral effects of sophoridine against coxsackievirus B3 and its pharmacokinetics in rats","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0220","first-page":"247","article-title":"Research progress on the flavonoids in Sophora flavescens Ait. and their pharmacology","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Chinese Medical Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.094","article-title":"Oral administration of plant-based rotavirus VP6 induces antigen-specific IgAs, IgGs and passive protection in mice","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Research in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0034528814000812?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0034528814000812?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T03:59:59Z","timestamp":1758513599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0034528814000812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0034528814000812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-5288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-5288","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anti-rotavirus effects by combination therapy of stevioside and Sophora flavescens extract","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Veterinary Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.03.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}