{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:29:06Z","timestamp":1771572546718,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007231","name":"Cornell University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007231","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Veterinary Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T11:03:47Z","timestamp":1557572627000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Analysis of neurofilament concentration in healthy adult horses and utility in the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis and equine motor neuron disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Adriana M.","family":"Morales G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5809-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally L.","family":"Ness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom J.","family":"Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karyn","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussni O.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.0488","article-title":"The phosphorylated axonal form of the neurofilament subunit NF-H (pNF-H) as a blood biomarker of traumatic brain injury","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000366119","article-title":"Cerebrovascular biomarker profile is related to white matter disease and ventricular dilation in a LADIS substudy","author":"Bjerke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06386.x","article-title":"Immunoreactivity of the phosphorylated axonal neurofilament H subunit (pNF-H) in blood of ALS model rodents and ALS patients: evaluation of blood pNF-H as a potential ALS biomarker","volume":"111","author":"Boylan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12692","article-title":"Effects of feeding two RRR-\u03b1-tocopherol formulations on serum, cerebrospinal fluid and muscle \u03b1-tocopherol concentrations in horses with subclinical vitamin E deficiency","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00027","article-title":"The influence of aging on the number of neurons and concentrations of non phosporylated neurofilament proteins in the central auditory system of rats","author":"Burianov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0689-x","article-title":"Assessment of a multiple biomarker panel for diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24954","article-title":"Serum Neurofilament light: a biomarker of neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis","author":"Disanto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04411.x","article-title":"Equine motor neuron disease: findings in 28 horses and proposal of a pathophysiological mechanism for the disease","author":"Divers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.1.120","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk of motor neuron disease in horses fed a diet low in vitamin E and high in copper and iron","author":"Divers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00384-8","article-title":"A review of Sarcocystis neurona and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)","author":"Dubey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12417","article-title":"Pigment retinopathy in warmblood horses with equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy and equine motor neuron disease","author":"Finno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5398","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Neurofilament light chain concentrations in definite subtypes of disease","author":"Gaiani","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24980","article-title":"Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain: a biomarker of survival for C9ORF72-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"82","author":"Gendron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306789","article-title":"Serum phosphorylated neurofilamentheavy chain concentrations in multiple sclerosis patients","author":"Gresle","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2016.061","article-title":"Vitamins, are they safe?","author":"Hamishehkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.09.012","article-title":"CSF neurofilament light concentrations predict hippocampal atrophy in cognitively healthy older adults","author":"Idland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.05.023","article-title":"Direct evidence of central nervous system axonal damage in patients with postoperative delirium: a preliminary study of pNF-H as a promising serum biomarker","volume":"653","author":"Inoue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.07.020","article-title":"Phosphorylated neurofilament H (pNF-H) as a potential diagnostic marker for neurological disorders in horses","volume":"114","author":"Intan-Shameha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2016.05.006","article-title":"The axon as a physical structure in health and acute trauma","author":"Kirkcaldie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5299-06.2007","article-title":"Conditional NF-L transgene expression in mice for in vivo analysis of turnover and transport rate of neurofilaments","author":"Millecamps","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-49-17","article-title":"Vitamin E deficiency and risk of equine motor neuron disease","author":"Mohammed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0110","series-title":"de Lahunta","author":"Mohammed","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0115","first-page":"CD011776","article-title":"Symptomatic treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\/motor neuron disease","volume":"1","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12144.x","article-title":"Evaluation of serum phosphorylated neurofilament subunit NF-H as a prognostic biomarker in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation","author":"Nishida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4295","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light in American football athletes over the course of a season","author":"Oliver","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.015","article-title":"Neurofilament phosphoforms: surrogate markers for axonal injury, degeneration and loss","author":"Petzold","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309827","article-title":"The prognostic value of CSF neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis at 15-year follow-up","author":"Petzold","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004029","article-title":"Neurofilament markers for ALS correlate with extent of upper and lower motor neuron disease","author":"Poesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12158","article-title":"Accurate antemortem diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) based on detecting intrathecal antibodies against sarcocystis neurona using the SnSAG2 and SnSAG4\/3 ELISAs","author":"Reed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13834","article-title":"Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis: an updated consensus statement with a focus on parasite biology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention","author":"Reed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003912","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light as a biomarker for mild traumatic brain injury in contact sports","author":"Shahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4237","article-title":"The serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit as a predictive marker for outcome in adult patients after traumatic brain injury","author":"Shibahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38737","article-title":"Neurofilaments in blood and CSF for diagnosis and prediction of onset in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease","author":"Steinacker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0170","article-title":"Neurofilaments in the diagnosis of motoneuron diseases: A prospective study on 455 patients","author":"Steinacker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.39.494","article-title":"Relationship between aging and vitamin E","volume":"39","author":"Takasaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0180","first-page":"772","article-title":"An electron microscopic study of axonal dystrophy in the gracile nucleus of vitamin E deficient and normally aging rats","volume":"67","author":"Takei","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14659","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of phosphorylated neurofilament heavy as a diagnostic marker of canine degenerative myelopathy","author":"Toedebusch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135886","article-title":"Concentrations and age dependency of neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein in healthy individuals and their relation to the brain parenchymal fraction","author":"V\u00e5gberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2017.1341313","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain protein as a marker of neuronal injury: review of its use in HIV-1 infection and reference values for HIV-negative controls","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1942-09.2009","article-title":"Neurofilaments form a highly stable stationary cytoskeleton after reaching a critical level in axons","author":"Yuan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C3","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00007.2017","article-title":"Applying fluid biomarkers to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"313","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. - Cell Physiol."}],"container-title":["Research in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0034528818353414?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0034528818353414?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T04:16:35Z","timestamp":1758514595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0034528818353414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0034528818353414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-5288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-5288","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analysis of neurofilament concentration in healthy adult horses and utility in the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis and equine motor neuron disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Veterinary Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}