{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T03:00:48Z","timestamp":1761879648321,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiolog\u00eda (English Edition)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T03:43:18Z","timestamp":1705808598000},"page":"32-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inflammatory lesions of the brainstem: Keys for the diagnosis by MRI"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Garc\u00eda de Andoin Sojo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.J.","family":"G\u00f3mez Muga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Aza Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Ant\u00f3n M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Fornell P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25146","article-title":"Central vein sign differentiates Multiple Sclerosis from central nervous system inflammatory vasculopathies","volume":"83","author":"Maggi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001367","article-title":"MRI characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"84","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms947oa","article-title":"Is Devic\u2019s neuromyelitis optica a separate disease? A comparative study with multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"de Seze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00450","article-title":"Visualizing the central nervous system: Imaging tools for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"11","author":"Kuchling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519837705","article-title":"MOG antibody-associated encephalomyelitis\/encephalitis","volume":"25","author":"Salama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314295","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for Susac syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Kleffner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000103880.29693.48","article-title":"MRI findings in Susac\u2019s syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Susac","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5334\/jbsr.2441","article-title":"Snowballs and Icicles in Susac\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Dierickx","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Belg Soc Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008015","article-title":"The spectrum of immune-mediated and inflammatory lesions of the brainstem","volume":"93","author":"Law","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"year":"2008","series-title":"Harrison principios de medicina interna","author":"Fauci","key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0055"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1470","article-title":"Correlation of MR imaging findings and clinical manifestations in neurosarcoidosis","volume":"30","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.09.002","article-title":"Neuroimaging of multiple sclerosis mimics","volume":"38","author":"Haralur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202542","article-title":"The multifaceted clinical presentations and manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease: comprehensive review of the literature and of 10 new cases","volume":"72","author":"Cavalli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0075","first-page":"880","article-title":"MR imaging presentation of intracranial disease associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"25","author":"Prayer","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302824","article-title":"Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis and Fisher syndrome: antiGQ1b antibody syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Shahrizaila","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg233","article-title":"Bickerstaff\u2019s brainstem encephalitis: clinical features of 62 cases and a subgroup associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome","volume":"126","author":"Odaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30043-6","article-title":"Atypical inflammatory demyelinating syndromes of the CNS","volume":"15","author":"Hardy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0095","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brainstem encephalitis. The role of imaging in diagnosis","volume":"00","author":"Sotoudeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22505","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis with severe brainstem and spinal cord involvement: MRI features with neuropathological confirmation","volume":"33","author":"Pinto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(02)00024-6","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in the intensive care unit","volume":"18","author":"Raj","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2009.08.005","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and brain histopathology in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"Sibbitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq164","article-title":"Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS)","volume":"133","author":"Pittock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx200","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS)","volume":"140","author":"Tobin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301054","article-title":"Expanding the clinical, radiological and neuropathological phenotype of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS)","volume":"83","author":"Simon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq113","article-title":"N-methyl-d-aspartate antibody encephalitis: temporal progression of clinical and paraclinical observations in a predominantly non paraneoplastic disorder of both sexes","volume":"133","author":"Irani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2018-105959","article-title":"A novel mutation in the GFAP gene expands the phenotype of Alexander disease.","volume":"56","author":"Cassasnovas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0140","first-page":"541","article-title":"Alexander disease: diagnosis with MR imaging","volume":"22","author":"van der Knaap","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0145","first-page":"965","article-title":"Diffusion MR imaging changes associated with Wilson disease","volume":"24","author":"Sener","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0544","article-title":"Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings at clinical presentation in twenty-six alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients","volume":"28","author":"Zuccoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8572-2","article-title":"Early trigeminal nerve involvement in Listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis: case series and systematic review","volume":"264","author":"Karlsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-011-0228-5","article-title":"Rhombencephalitis\/brainstem encephalitis","volume":"11","author":"Jubelt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00261","article-title":"Enterovirus and encephalitis","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0170","first-page":"1889","article-title":"MR imaging findings of enteroviral encephalomyelitis: an outbreak in Taiwan","volume":"20","author":"Shen","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e524","DOI":"10.5114\/pjr.2018.81408","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of intracranial tubercular lesions: one disease, many faces","volume":"83","author":"Khatri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3108-1","article-title":"Isolated brainstem tuberculomas","volume":"159","author":"Sadashiva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"}],"container-title":["Radiolog\u00eda (English Edition)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2173510724000028?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2173510724000028?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T02:17:34Z","timestamp":1761877054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2173510724000028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2173510724000028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2173-5107"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2173-5107"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inflammatory lesions of the brainstem: Keys for the diagnosis by MRI","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiolog\u00eda (English Edition)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rxeng.2023.01.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rx.2023.01.010","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 SERAM. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}