{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:13:48Z","timestamp":1788869628921,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Radiolog\u00eda (English Edition)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:44:04Z","timestamp":1784807044000},"page":"501707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiological approach to brain death"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Busquier Cerd\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"de Ara\u00fajo Martins-Rom\u00eao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Yanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Galv\u00e1n V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moreno Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2018.01.006","article-title":"Brain death: diagnosis and imaging techniques","volume":"39","author":"Rizvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MRI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-021-01988-2","article-title":"Flow is not perfusion, and perfusion is not function: ancillary testing for the diagnosis of brain death","volume":"68","author":"Plourde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0015","series-title":"Real Decreto 1723\/2012, de 28 de diciembre, por el que se regulan las actividades de obtenci\u00f3n, utilizaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica y coordinaci\u00f3n territorial de los \u00f3rganos humanos destinados al trasplante y se establecen requisitos de calidad y seguridad","article-title":"\u00abBOE\u00bb n\u00fam. 313","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0210-5691(09)71215-X","article-title":"Diagn\u00f3stico de muerte encef\u00e1lica","volume":"33","author":"Escudero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Intensiva"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15950","article-title":"The use of cerebral computed tomographic angiography as an ancillary investigation to support a clinical diagnosis of death using neurological criteria: a consensus guideline","volume":"78","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2024.01.012","article-title":"Self-harm, suicide and brain death: the role of the radiologist","volume":"79","author":"Lambe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2018.10.011","article-title":"A practical guide to virtual autopsy: why, when and how","volume":"40","author":"Filograna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MRI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2023.2181402","article-title":"Variability across countries for brain death determination in adults","volume":"37","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207740","article-title":"Pediatric and adult brain death\/death by neurologic criteria consensus guideline: report of the AAN guidelines subcommittee, AAP, CNS, and SCCM","volume":"101","author":"Greer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2022.0016","article-title":"The role of neuroimaging in the determination of brain death","volume":"55","author":"Corr\u00eaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Bras"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2007.07.008","article-title":"Diagnostic par angioscanner de la mort enc\u00e9phalique : recommandations de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de neuroradiologie (SFNR)","volume":"34","author":"Leclerc","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16209","article-title":"Computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of brain death: Implementation and results in Germany","volume":"31","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4548","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of transcranial doppler for brain death confirmation: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14121287","article-title":"Role of clinical and multimodality neuroimaging in the evaluation of brain death\/death by neurologic criteria and recent highlights from 2023 updated guidelines","volume":"14","author":"Suthar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3174\/ng.2200001","article-title":"Neuroimaging in coma, brain death, and related conditions","volume":"13","author":"Zamora","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0786","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted MR imaging: a review of clinical applications in children","volume":"29","author":"Tong","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021203071","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging: technical essentials and clinical neurologic applications","volume":"299","author":"Haller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2012.13.5.541","article-title":"Imaging findings of brain death on 3-tesla MRI","volume":"13","author":"Sohn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0095","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measuring brain perfusion by CT or MR as ancillary tests for diagnosis of brain death: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Ramos","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJR Open"},{"issue":"778","key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0100","first-page":"899","article-title":"Diagnosis of brain death: superiority of perfusion studies with 99 Tc m-HMPAO over conventional radionuclide cerebral angiography","volume":"65","author":"de la Riva","year":"1992","journal-title":"BR J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105465","article-title":"Brain death: radiologic signs of a non-radiologic diagnosis","volume":"185","author":"Gastala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.JNS161042","article-title":"Computed tomography angiography as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of brain death","volume":"128","author":"Garrett","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0115","first-page":"641","article-title":"Diagnosis of brain death using two-phase spiral CT","volume":"19","author":"Dupas","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-016-0188-7","article-title":"Revised CT angiography venous score with consideration of infratentorial circulation value for diagnosing brain death","volume":"6","author":"Marchand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0150-9861(06)77237-6","article-title":"The role of spiral CT for the assessment of the intracranial circulation in suspected brain-death","volume":"33","author":"Leclerc","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1614","article-title":"CT angiography for brain death diagnosis","volume":"30","author":"Frampas","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2019.0859","article-title":"Assessment of cerebral circulatory arrest via ct angiography and ct perfusion in brain death confirmation","volume":"22","author":"Akdogan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-013-1210-5","article-title":"Dynamic evaluation of stasis filling phenomenon with computed tomography in diagnosis of brain death","volume":"55","author":"Sawicki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0145","first-page":"873","article-title":"Muerte encef\u00e1lica en Pediatr\u00eda: criterios diagn\u00f3sticos cl\u00ednicos","volume":"1","author":"Ramil Fraga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Protoc diagn ter pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31821f0d4f","article-title":"Guidelines for the determination of brain death in infants and children: an update of the 1987 Task Force recommendations","volume":"39","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-023-02418-1","article-title":"Ancillary investigations for death determination in infants and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"McKinnon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-011-2038-y","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler in children","volume":"41","author":"Verlhac","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001087","article-title":"Doppler ultrasonography of the central retinal vessels in children with brain death","volume":"18","author":"Riggs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-022-02955-4","article-title":"Cerebral blood vessels and perfusion in the pediatric brain death: five cases studied by neuroimaging","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-022-05419-2","article-title":"Brain death in children: is computed tomography angiography reliable as an ancillary test?","volume":"53","author":"Almus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"}],"container-title":["Radiolog\u00eda (English Edition)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2173510726001035?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2173510726001035?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:49:51Z","timestamp":1788868191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2173510726001035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2173510726001035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707","relation":{},"ISSN":["2173-5107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2173-5107","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Radiological approach to brain death","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Radiolog\u00eda (English Edition)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rxeng.2026.501707","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rx.2025.501707","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 SERAM. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"501707"}}